Tuesday, September 30, 2025

COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Niazid

 COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Niazid

WARNING:

Isoniazid has rarely caused very serious (possibly fatal) liver disease. The risk of liver disease is increased in people who are 35 years and older, who use alcohol or illegal injection drugs, or who currently have long-term liver problems. Tell your doctor right away if you develop symptoms of liver aisease, including nausea/vomiting that doesn't stop, severe stomach/abdominal pain, unusual weakness/tiredness, dark urine, yellowing eyes/skin. Your doctor should order liver function tests while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and laboratory appointments.

USES:

Isoniazid is used with other medications to treat active tuberculosis (TB) infections. It is also used alone to prevent active TB infections in people who may be infected with the bacteria (people with positive TB skin test). Isoniazid is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.

HOW TO USE:

Take this medication by mouth on an empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after meals) as directed by your doctor. If you are using the liquid form of this medication, carefully measure the dose using a special measuring device/spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. If you also take antacids that contain aluminum, take this medication at least 1 hour before the antacid. Dosage is based on your age, weight, medical condition, and response to treatment. For the best effect, take this drug at evenly spaced times. If you are taking this medication daily, take it at the same time each day. If you are taking this medication on a weekly schedule, take it on the same day(s) of the week and at the same time each day. Mark the days on the calendar when you need to take the medication. Continue to take this medication (and other TB medications) until the full prescribed amount is finished, even if symptoms disappear. Stopping the medication too early or skipping doses may allow the bacteria to continue to grow, which may result in a return of the infection and cause the infection to be more difficult to treat (resistant). Your doctor may also direct you to take vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to help prevent certain side effects (such as nerve problems) from isoniazid. Follow your doctor's instructions carefully. Isoniazid may interact with foods containing tyramine/histamine (such as cheese, red wine, certain types of fish). This interaction may cause increased blood pressure, flushing of the skin, headache, dizziness, or fast/pounding heartbeat. Tell your doctor right away if any of these symptoms occur. Your doctor may recommend that you follow a special diet while taking this medication. Consult your doctor for more details. Tell your doctor if your condition lasts or gets worse.

SIDE EFFECTS:

See also Warning section. Nausea/vomiting or stomach upset may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects. Tell your doctor right away if any of these

women called the goddess of wealth convicted in world biggest bitcoin


 


What the news reports agree on



  • The woman is named Zhimin Qian, also known by the alias Yadi Zhang.  
  • She has pleaded guilty in the U.K. (Southwark Crown Court, London) to charges of illegally acquiring and possessing cryptocurrency which constituted criminal property.  
  • The amount involved is extremely large: law enforcement says 61,000 bitcoins were seized, which are being valued at more than £5 billion (often quoted in U.S. dollars as about $6–7 billion).  
  • The scheme dates back to about 2014–2017 in China, during which Qian is alleged to have defrauded over 128,000 investors.  
  • After the Chinese phase, Qian is said to have converted or stored much of the proceeds in Bitcoin, fled China using false documents, and eventually entered or lived in the UK.  
  • She allegedly tried to launder the money in the UK, including via real estate and property purchases, with the help of an associate Jian Wen. Wen was earlier convicted (in 2024) for money laundering in relation to this operation.  
  • The U.K. authorities and Metropolitan Police regard this as one of the largest cryptocurrency seizures or money-laundering cases in U.K. history, if not globally.  
  • The sentencing of Qian has not yet been done, per the latest reports; she is in custody awaiting sentencing.  



Additionally, there are more sensational details:


  • In her digital diary, Qian is reported to have dreamed of being a “reincarnated goddess” and establishing a micronation (“Liberland”) on the Danube River, with plans for a crown, a Buddhist temple, airport, etc.  
  • The nickname “goddess of wealth” is used in media accounts, though it may be more poetic or sensational than legal.  






Key numbers / conversion and inconsistencies



  • The seizure is often reported as 61,000 bitcoins.  
  • The value is cited in different currencies and at different rates: over £5 billion in U.K. press, or “worth over $6.7 billion” in some press citing USD.  
  • Some sources talk about $6 billion, others $6.7 billion — the difference depends on exchange rates and Bitcoin valuations at various dates.  



So the “$6 billion” figure in the Unilad post is broadly consistent with other reports (though the actual number might be somewhat higher depending on the valuation / timing).





Some caveats, uncertainties, and legal issues



  • While Qian has pleaded guilty, the case is still in the sentencing and civil recovery phases. The full scale of asset recovery is not fully settled.  
  • Although media reports call this “the world’s biggest bitcoin seizure,” it is very hard to verify absolutely (whether some other crypto seizure elsewhere was larger). The claim is repeated in many sources, but always with some caveats.  
  • Some descriptions (e.g. dreams of constructing a kingdom, being a goddess) might be based on seized diaries, but the truth of those ambitions beyond self-narrative is speculative.  
  • There is a competing interest from China and possibly civil claims by the defrauded investors regarding the fate of the seized bitcoins. Some reports note that both the UK and Chinese parties may fight over rights to the recovered assets.  
  • Some number discrepancies exist across sources (e.g. some rounding, or differences in valuation)


Friday, July 4, 2025

5 Things You Never Knew About U.S. Currency

 Tracing the development of a nation’s currency can provide a unique glimpse into the nation itself. แ€แ€…်แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€„ံแ€›ဲ့ แ€„ွေแ€€ြေးแ€ိုးแ€แ€€်แ€œာแ€™ှု แ€กแ€€ြောแ€„်းแ€€ြောแ€„်းแ€–ော်แ€‘ုแ€်แ€€ြแ€Š့်แ€ြแ€„်းแ€€ แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€„ံแ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€›ဲ့ แ€žแ€™ိုแ€„်း၊ แ€šแ€‰်แ€€ျေးแ€™ှုแ€”ဲ့ แ€…ီးแ€•ွားแ€›ေးแ€€ို แ€žိแ€™ြแ€„်แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€ဲ့ แ€กแ€‘ူးแ€กแ€™ြแ€„်แ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€€ို แ€•ေးแ€”ိုแ€„်แ€•ါแ€แ€š်။ 

But currency is complicated — its history often defies a simple straight-line narrative, and there are countless technicalities along the way that threaten to glaze over the eyes of anyone without a degree in economics. 

 แ€’ါแ€•ေแ€™ဲ့ แ€„ွေแ€€ြေးแ€†ိုแ€ာ แ€แ€€်แ€ဲแ€ဲ့แ€กแ€›ာแ€•ါ — ၎แ€„်းแ€›ဲ့แ€žแ€™ိုแ€„်းแ€€ แ€›ိုးแ€›ှแ€„်းแ€ဲ့ แ€แ€”်းแ€แ€…်แ€–ြောแ€„့်แ€–ြแ€…်แ€ဲ့แ€กแ€€ြောแ€„်းแ€กแ€›ာแ€œို့ แ€™แ€•ြောแ€”ိုแ€„်แ€•ါแ€˜ူး။ แ€”ောแ€€်แ€‘แ€•်แ€œေ့แ€œာแ€ျแ€„်แ€žူแ€ွေแ€กแ€ွแ€€်แ€ော့ แ€…ီးแ€•ွားแ€›ေးแ€˜ွဲ့แ€™แ€›ှိแ€˜ဲแ€”ားแ€œแ€Š်แ€–ို့แ€แ€€်แ€ဲ့ แ€กแ€žေးแ€…ိแ€်แ€”แ€Š်းแ€•แ€Šာแ€•ိုแ€„်းแ€™ျား แ€กแ€ော်แ€™ျားแ€™ျားแ€•ါแ€แ€„်แ€œာแ€”ိုแ€„်แ€•ါแ€แ€š်။

So let’s take a look at some of the most interesting moments in the history of U.S. currency, and leave the rest to the economists.

แ€’ါแ€€ြောแ€„့် แ€กแ€ုแ€ော့ แ€กแ€™ေแ€›ိแ€€แ€”်แ€›ဲ့ แ€„ွေแ€€ြေးแ€žแ€™ိုแ€„်းแ€‘ဲแ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€™်းแ€…ိแ€်แ€แ€„်แ€…ားแ€–ို့แ€€ောแ€„်းแ€ဲ့แ€กแ€ျို့แ€žောแ€กแ€ိုแ€€်แ€กแ€แ€”့်แ€™ျားแ€€ိုแ€•ဲ แ€€ြแ€Š့်แ€œိုแ€€်แ€›แ€กောแ€„်။ แ€กဲ့แ€”ောแ€€်แ€•ိုแ€„်းแ€กแ€žေးแ€…ိแ€်แ€ွေแ€€แ€ော့ แ€…ီးแ€•ွားแ€›ေးแ€•แ€Šာแ€›ှแ€„်แ€ွေแ€กแ€ွแ€€်แ€•ဲ แ€ျแ€”်แ€‘ားแ€œိုแ€€်แ€›แ€กောแ€„်။  

The First National Bills Were Called “Continentals”

The first national paper currency for what would become the United States of America was issued by the Continental Congress in 1775. Known as Continental currency, it was intended as a way to fund the Revolutionary War. Though the currency started strong, a lack of adequate revenue sources (and mismanagement by the government) resulted in its quick depreciation. To make matters worse, Great Britain counterfeited the 1777 and 1778 issues of Continental currency in an act of wartime economic sabotage, and did so to such an extent that Congress was forced to recall both printings. As the currency’s value continued to plummet, Congress stopped printing new Continentals altogether in 1779; though the bills continued to circulate, they were worth only 1% of their face value by 1781.

แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†ုံးแ€กแ€™ျိုးแ€žားแ€„ွေแ€…แ€€္แ€€ူแ€™ျားแ€€ို “Continentals” แ€Ÿု แ€ေါ်แ€žแ€Š်

แ€šแ€”ေ့แ€กแ€™ေแ€›ိแ€€แ€”်แ€•ြแ€Š်แ€‘ောแ€„်แ€…ုแ€–ြแ€…်แ€œာแ€™แ€Š့် แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€„ံแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†ုံးแ€กแ€™ျိုးแ€žားแ€„ွေแ€…แ€€္แ€€ူแ€€ို แแ‡แ‡แ… แ€ုแ€”ှแ€…်แ€ွแ€„် Continental Congress แ€™ှ แ€‘ုแ€်แ€ေแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။ แ€คแ€„ွေแ€€ို "Continental currency" แ€Ÿု แ€ေါ်แ€•ြီး၊ แ€กแ€™ျိုးแ€žားแ€œွแ€်แ€™ြောแ€€်แ€›ေးแ€…แ€…် (Revolutionary War) แ€€ို แ€„ွေแ€€ြေးแ€–ြแ€„့်แ€‘ောแ€€်แ€•ံ့แ€›แ€”် แ€›แ€Š်แ€›ွแ€š်แ€ဲ့แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š်။

แ€กแ€…ောแ€•ိုแ€„်းแ€ွแ€„် แ€„ွေแ€€ြေးแ€กแ€žแ€…်แ€žแ€Š် แ€กောแ€„်แ€™ြแ€„်แ€”ေแ€žော်แ€œแ€Š်း၊ แ€„ွေแ€แ€„်แ€กแ€›แ€„်းแ€กแ€™ြแ€…်แ€™แ€œုံแ€œောแ€€်แ€ြแ€„်းแ€”ှแ€„့် แ€กแ€…ိုးแ€›၏ แ€…ီแ€™ံแ€แ€”့်แ€ွဲแ€™ှုแ€™แ€€ောแ€„်းแ€ြแ€„်းแ€€ြောแ€„့် แ€œျแ€„်แ€™ြแ€”်แ€…ွာแ€แ€”်แ€–ိုးแ€€ျแ€†แ€„်းแ€žွားแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။

แ€‘ို့แ€กแ€•ြแ€„်၊ แ€™ိแ€”့်แ€€ြားแ€™ှုแ€กားแ€–ြแ€„့် แแ‡แ‡แ‡ แ€”ှแ€„့် แแ‡แ‡แˆ แ€‘ုแ€်แ€ေแ€™ှုแ€™ျားแ€€ို แ€—ြိแ€ိแ€žျှแ€”ိုแ€„်แ€„ံแ€€ แ€†แ€”့်แ€€ျแ€„်แ€›ေးแ€กแ€–ြแ€…် แ€™แ€Š်แ€žแ€Š့်แ€ုแ€œုแ€•်แ€„ွေแ€™ျားแ€€ို แ€•ြုแ€œုแ€•်แ€ဲ့แ€•ြီး แ€…ီးแ€•ွားแ€›ေးแ€–ျแ€€်แ€†ီးแ€›ေးแ€กแ€–ြแ€…် แ€žုံးแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။ แ€—ြိแ€ိแ€žျှแ€ို့၏ แ€ုแ€œုแ€•်แ€ြแ€„်းแ€žแ€Š် แ€•ြแ€„်းแ€‘แ€”်แ€œွแ€”်းแ€žแ€–ြแ€„့် Congress แ€žแ€Š် แ€‘ိုแ€”ှแ€…်แ€”ှแ€…်၏ แ€„ွေแ€…แ€€္แ€€ူแ€™ျားแ€€ို แ€•ြแ€”်แ€œแ€Š်แ€•ြုแ€်แ€•แ€š်แ€›แ€”် แ€กแ€€ြောแ€„်းแ€–แ€”်แ€œာแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။

แ€กဲแ€žแ€œိုแ€แ€”်แ€–ိုးแ€€ျแ€†แ€„်းแ€™ှု แ€†แ€€်แ€ိုแ€€်แ€–ြแ€…်แ€œာแ€ျိแ€”်แ€ွแ€„်၊ Congress แ€žแ€Š် แแ‡แ‡แ‰ แ€ုแ€”ှแ€…်แ€ွแ€„် Continental currency แ€กแ€žแ€…်แ€‘ုแ€်แ€ြแ€„်းแ€€ိုแ€›แ€•်แ€†ိုแ€„်းแ€œိုแ€€်แ€žแ€Š်။ แ€žို့แ€žော် แ€„ွေแ€…แ€€္แ€€ူแ€™ျားแ€žแ€Š် แ€กแ€ျို့แ€”ေแ€›ာแ€™ျားแ€ွแ€„် แ€…แ€แ€„်แ€œแ€Š်แ€•แ€်แ€”ေแ€†ဲแ€–ြแ€…်แ€€ာ၊ แแ‡แˆแ แ€ုแ€”ှแ€…်แ€ွแ€„် ၎แ€„်းแ€ို့၏แ€แ€”်แ€–ိုးแ€™ှာ แ€™ူแ€›แ€„်းแ€แ€”်แ€–ိုး၏ แ% แ€•ဲ แ€€ျแ€”်แ€›ှိแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။ 

New Coins Were Minted Under Alexander Hamilton

แ€กแ€œแ€€်แ€‡แ€”်แ€’ါ แ€Ÿေးแ€™แ€…်แ€แ€”် แ€ฆးแ€†ောแ€„်แ€•ြီး แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€„ံแ€ော်แ€žုံးแ€€ြေးแ€”แ€”်းแ€žแ€…်แ€™ျား แ€‘ုแ€်แ€œုแ€•်แ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်

By the end of the 18th century, the United States needed a currency do-over. 

แแˆ แ€›ာแ€…ုแ€กแ€†ုံးแ€ွแ€„် แ€กแ€™ေแ€›ိแ€€แ€”်แ€•ြแ€Š်แ€‘ောแ€„်แ€…ုแ€žแ€Š် แ€„ွေแ€€ြေးแ€…แ€”แ€…်แ€กแ€žแ€…်แ€แ€…်แ€ု แ€œိုแ€กแ€•်แ€œာแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။ แ€‘ို့แ€€ြောแ€„့် แแ‡แ‰แ แ€ုแ€”ှแ€…်แ€ွแ€„် แ€กแ€™ေแ€›ိแ€€แ€”်แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€„ံ၏ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†ုံး แ€˜แ€္แ€ာแ€›ေးแ€กแ€€ြီးแ€กแ€€ဲแ€–ြแ€…်แ€žော แ€กแ€œแ€€်แ€‡แ€”်แ€’ါ แ€Ÿေးแ€™แ€…်แ€แ€”် แ€žแ€Š် Bank of the United States แ€€ို แ€แ€Š်แ€‘ောแ€„်แ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။ ၎แ€„်းแ€€ แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€„ံแ€ော်แ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€šုံแ€€ြแ€Š်แ€…ိแ€်แ€ျแ€›แ€žော แ€„ွေแ€ျေးแ€…แ€”แ€…်แ€แ€…်แ€ု แ€–แ€”်แ€ီးแ€›แ€”် แ€›แ€Š်แ€›ွแ€š်แ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။



In 1791, Alexander Hamilton, the nation’s first treasury secretary, established the Bank of the United States in order to create a stable system of credit for the government. The following year, Congress passed the Coinage Act of 1792, which called for a standard national mint in Philadelphia that would produce coins made of copper, silver, and gold. These coins included the very same denominations we use today, but there was also a broader range of values. Coins made of copper included the half cent and cent; coins made of silver included the half dime, dime, quarter, half dollar, and dollar; and coins made of gold included the quarter eagle ($2.50), half eagle ($5), and eagle ($10). 

แ€”ောแ€€်แ€แ€…်แ€”ှแ€…်แ€–ြแ€…်แ€žော แแ‡แ‰แ‚ แ€ုแ€”ှแ€…်แ€ွแ€„်, Congress แ€žแ€Š် Coinage Act of 1792 แ€Ÿုแ€ေါ်แ€žော แ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€€ို แ€–ြแ€်แ€žแ€”်းแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။ แ€คแ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€–ြแ€„့် แ€–ီแ€œာแ€’แ€š်แ€–ီแ€šာแ€™ြို့แ€ွแ€„် แ€กแ€™ျိုးแ€žားแ€€ြေးแ€”แ€”်းแ€ျိแ€”်แ€…แ€€် (mint) แ€แ€Š်แ€‘ောแ€„်แ€›แ€”် แ€–ော်แ€•ြแ€‘ားแ€•ြီး၊ ၎แ€„်းแ€™ှာ แ€€ြေး, แ€„ွေแ€”ှแ€„့် แ€›ွှေ แ€กแ€žုံးแ€•ြုแ€žော แ€€ြေးแ€”แ€”်းแ€™ျား แ€‘ုแ€်แ€œုแ€•်แ€›แ€”် แ€›แ€Š်แ€›ွแ€š်แ€‘ားแ€žแ€Š်။

แ€‘ုแ€်แ€œုแ€•်แ€žော แ€„ွေแ€€ြေးแ€™ျားแ€กแ€”แ€€်แ€™ှာ แ€šแ€”ေ့แ€‘ိ แ€กแ€žုံးแ€•ြုแ€”ေแ€žော แ€แ€”်แ€–ိုးแ€™ျားแ€œแ€Š်း แ€•ါแ€แ€„်แ€žော်แ€œแ€Š်း, แ€กแ€ျို့ แ€•ိုแ€€ျแ€š်แ€•ြแ€”့်แ€žောแ€แ€”်แ€–ိုးแ€™ျား แ€•ါแ€แ€„်แ€žแ€Š်။

  • แ€€ြေး (Copper) แ€–ြแ€„့်แ€œုแ€•်แ€žောแ€€ြေးแ€”แ€”်းแ€™ျားแ€™ှာ half cent (แ€ွဲแ€แ€…်แ€ျေး) แ€”ှแ€„့် cent (แ€แ€…်แ€ျေး) แ€•ါ။

  • แ€„ွေ (Silver) แ€–ြแ€„့်แ€œုแ€•်แ€žောแ€€ြေးแ€”แ€”်းแ€™ျားแ€™ှာ half dime (แ€ွဲแ€„ွေแ€žုံးแ€ျေး), dime (แแ€แ€ျေး), quarter (แ‚แ…แ€ျေး), half dollar (แ€ွဲแ€’ေါ်แ€œာ), แ€”ှแ€„့် dollar (แแ€’ေါ်แ€œာ) แ€•ါแ€แ€„်แ€žแ€Š်။

  • แ€›ွှေ (Gold) แ€–ြแ€„့်แ€œုแ€•်แ€žောแ€€ြေးแ€”แ€”်းแ€™ျားแ€™ှာ quarter eagle ($2.50), half eagle ($5), แ€”ှแ€„့် eagle ($10) แ€ို့แ€•ါแ€แ€„်แ€žแ€Š်။

The U.S. Dollar Was Based on the Spanish Peso

The U.S. dollar originated as a coin based on the Spanish milled dollar, known in Spain as the peso, mimicking both its weight and value in silver. The origins of the dollar sign, however, are unclear. One common theory is that because the U.S. dollar and the Spanish peso were so similar, the symbol evolved from the superimposition of the “S” and “P” from the old shorthand for peso (“ps”), which was then simplified into the dollar sign. Another theory is that the dollar sign is a similar refinement of superimposing the United States’ initials. A variation of that theory suggests it originated as a superimposed “U” and “S,” but the initials stood for “units of silver.” Plausibility aside, there is no substantive evidence for these (or any other) theories. Despite the iconic status of the dollar sign today, its exact origin remains a mystery.'

แ€กแ€™ေแ€›ိแ€€แ€”်แ€’ေါ်แ€œာแ€žแ€Š် แ€…แ€•ိแ€”်แ€•ီแ€†ိုแ€„ွေแ€€ြေးแ€€ို แ€กแ€ြေแ€ံแ€‘ားแ€žแ€Š်

แ€กแ€™ေแ€›ိแ€€แ€”်แ€’ေါ်แ€œာ၏แ€กแ€…แ€žแ€Š်แ€™ှာ แ€…แ€•ိแ€”်แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€„ံแ€™ှ แ€‘ုแ€်แ€œုแ€•်แ€žော milled dollar (แ€…แ€€်แ€–ြแ€„့်แ€‘ုแ€်แ€‘ားแ€žော แ€•ီแ€†ိုแ€„ွေแ€€ြေး) แ€€ို แ€™ိแ€္แ€ူแ€šူแ€‘ားแ€žแ€Š့် แ€’ေါ်แ€œာแ€€ြေးแ€”แ€”်း แ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€กแ€–ြแ€…် แ€…แ€แ€„်แ€ဲ့แ€ြแ€„်းแ€–ြแ€…်แ€žแ€Š်။ ၎แ€„်းแ€žแ€Š် แ€…แ€•ိแ€”်၏ peso แ€Ÿု แ€ေါ်แ€žောแ€€ြေးแ€”แ€”်းแ€”ှแ€„့် แ€กแ€œေးแ€ျိแ€”်แ€”ှแ€„့် แ€„ွေแ€แ€”်แ€–ိုး แ€™ှแ€”်แ€žแ€™ျှแ€ူแ€Šီแ€žแ€Š်။

แ€’ါแ€•ေแ€™แ€š့် แ€’ေါ်แ€œာแ€žแ€„်္แ€€ေแ€ ($) ၏แ€™ူแ€œแ€›แ€„်းแ€™ြแ€…်แ€€แ€ော့ แ€ိแ€ိแ€€ျแ€€ျแ€žိแ€›ှိแ€”ိုแ€„်แ€ြแ€„်းแ€™แ€›ှိแ€žေးแ€•ါ။
แ€กแ€€ြแ€™်းแ€–ျแ€„်းแ€‘แ€„်แ€™ြแ€„်แ€ျแ€€်แ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€€แ€ော့ แ€กแ€™ေแ€›ိแ€€แ€”်แ€’ေါ်แ€œာแ€”ှแ€„့် แ€…แ€•ိแ€”်แ€•ီแ€†ိုแ€žแ€Š် แ€แ€”်แ€–ိုးแ€ူแ€”ေแ€žောแ€€ြောแ€„့်၊ แ€•ီแ€†ိုแ€€ို แ€›ှแ€„်းแ€œแ€„်းแ€–ော်แ€•ြแ€›ာแ€ွแ€„် แ€กแ€žုံးแ€•ြုแ€žော “ps” (peso shorthand) แ€‘ဲแ€™ှ “S” แ€”ှแ€„့် “P” แ€€ို แ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€‘ဲแ€กแ€–ြแ€…် แ€…ုแ€…แ€Š်းแ€›ေးแ€žားแ€‘ားแ€ြแ€„်းแ€€แ€”ေ $ แ€žแ€„်္แ€€ေแ€ แ€–ြแ€…်แ€œာแ€žแ€Š်แ€Ÿု แ€†ိုแ€€ြแ€žแ€Š်။

แ€”ောแ€€်แ€‘แ€•်แ€žီแ€กိုแ€›ီแ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€™ှာแ€ော့ แ€’ီแ€žแ€„်္แ€€ေแ€แ€žแ€Š် United States ၏แ€กแ€ိုแ€€ောแ€€် “U” แ€”ှแ€„့် “S” แ€ို့แ€€ိုแ€‘แ€•်แ€‘ားแ€žောแ€•ုံแ€…ံแ€–ြแ€…်แ€•ြီး၊ แ€แ€ျို့แ€€แ€ော့ ၎แ€„်းแ€žแ€Š် "units of silver" (แ€›ွှေแ€šူแ€”แ€…်แ€™ျား) แ€†ိုแ€žောแ€กแ€“ိแ€•္แ€•ါแ€š်แ€”ဲ့แ€•แ€်แ€žแ€€်แ€”ေแ€žแ€Š်แ€Ÿု แ€‘แ€„်แ€™ြแ€„်แ€€ြแ€žแ€Š်။

แ€žို့แ€žော် แ€คแ€กแ€šူแ€กแ€†แ€™ျား (แ€žို့แ€™แ€Ÿုแ€် แ€กแ€ြားแ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€ု) แ€€ို แ€กแ€แ€Š်แ€•ြုแ€”ိုแ€„်แ€žော แ€žแ€€်แ€žေแ€แ€„်းแ€กแ€ျแ€€်แ€กแ€œแ€€်แ€™ျား แ€™แ€›ှိแ€žေးแ€•ါ။
แ€šแ€”ေ့แ€กแ€ျိแ€”်แ€ွแ€„် แ€’ေါ်แ€œာแ€žแ€„်္แ€€ေแ€ ($) แ€žแ€Š် แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€„ံแ€แ€€ာแ€กแ€‘ိ แ€€ျော်แ€€ြားแ€œာแ€žော်แ€œแ€Š်း၊ ၎แ€„်း၏ แ€…แ€…်แ€™ှแ€”်แ€žော แ€™ူแ€œแ€กแ€…แ€€ို แ€šแ€”ေ့แ€‘ိ แ€ိแ€ိแ€€ျแ€€ျ แ€™แ€žိแ€›แ€žေးแ€•ါ။ 

George Washington Wasn’t on the First Dollar Bill

The very first United States $1 note was printed in 1862, as part of the legal tender nicknamed “greenbacks” for their color. This first dollar bill didn’t include an image of George Washington anywhere on it; instead, on the front of the note was the likeness of then-Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Chase. Yes, the official in charge of creating the currency opted to put his own image on it. Chase later described how that came to be during a speech: “I went to work and made ‘greenbacks’ and a good many of them. I had some handsome pictures put on them; and as I like to be among the people… and as the engravers thought me rather good looking, I told them they might put me on the end of the one-dollar bills.” Aside from Chase’s face, the greenbacks also included anti-counterfeiting measures such as the U.S. Treasury seal, engraved signatures, and complex patterns and shapes made by geometric lathe. These early anti-counterfeiting measures are the root of techniques still in use today (though today they are augmented by other identifying factors). As for George Washington, his image replaced Chase’s on the dollar bill for good in 1869 — a recurrent provision in Section 116 of the annual Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act prevents any redesign of the $1 note. 

แ€‚ျော့แ€…်แ€ါแ€›ှแ€„်แ€แ€”်แ€žแ€Š် แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†ုံး แ€’ေါ်แ€œာแ€…แ€€္แ€€ူแ€•ေါ် แ€™แ€•ါแ€แ€„်แ€ဲ့

แ€กแ€™ေแ€›ိแ€€แ€”်แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€„ံ၏ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†ုံး แ แ€’ေါ်แ€œာแ€…แ€€္แ€€ူ แ€€ို แแˆแ†แ‚ แ€ုแ€”ှแ€…်แ€ွแ€„် แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ฆးแ€†ုံး แ€‘ုแ€်ๅˆทแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။ แ€คแ€…แ€€္แ€€ူแ€žแ€Š် แ€„ွေแ€ျေးแ€„ွေแ€…แ€€္แ€€ူแ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€กแ€–ြแ€…် แ€กแ€žုံးแ€•ြုแ€ြแ€„်းแ€ံแ€ဲ့แ€•ြီး၊ ၎แ€„်း၏แ€กแ€…ိแ€™်းแ€›ောแ€„်แ€€ြောแ€„့် "greenbacks" แ€Ÿု แ€กแ€™แ€Š်แ€•ြောแ€€ြแ€žแ€Š်။

แ€‘ူးแ€ြားแ€…แ€›ာแ€€แ€ော့ แ€คแ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†ုံး แ แ€’ေါ်แ€œာแ€…แ€€္แ€€ူแ€ွแ€„် แ€‚ျော့แ€…် แ€ါแ€›ှแ€„်แ€แ€”် (George Washington) ၏ แ€•ုံแ€€ို แ€™แ€Š်แ€žแ€Š့်แ€”ေแ€›ာแ€™ှာแ€™ှ แ€™แ€•ါแ€แ€„်แ€ဲ့แ€•ါ။ แ€‘ိုแ€กแ€…ား แ€กแ€ွแ€”်แ€แ€”်แ€€ြီး (Treasury Secretary) แ€กแ€–ြแ€…် แ€ာแ€แ€”်แ€‘แ€™်းแ€†ောแ€„်แ€”ေแ€ျိแ€”်แ€€ Salmon P. Chase ၏ แ€•ုံแ€€ို แ€…แ€€္แ€€ူ၏แ€›ှေ့แ€–แ€€်แ€ွแ€„် แ€‘ားแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။

แ€™ှแ€”်แ€•ါแ€แ€š်— แ€„ွေแ€…แ€€္แ€€ူแ€–แ€”်แ€ီးแ€™ှုแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€ာแ€แ€”်แ€›ှိแ€žူแ€€ แ€žူ့แ€•ုံแ€€ို แ€ော့แ€•ေါ်แ€•ေါ် แ€‘ားแ€œိုแ€€်แ€ဲ့แ€ာแ€•ါ။

Chase แ€žแ€Š်แ€”ောแ€€်แ€™ှာ แ€™ိแ€”့်แ€ွแ€”်းแ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€กแ€ွแ€„်း၌ แ€คแ€กแ€›ာแ€กแ€€ြောแ€„်း แ€•ြောแ€€ြားแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š် —
“แ€€ျွแ€”်แ€ော် แ€…แ€แ€„်แ€•ြီး greenbacks แ€ွေ แ€‘ုแ€်ๅˆทแ€œိုแ€€်แ€แ€š်၊ แ€กแ€ော်แ€™ျားแ€™ျား แ€‘ုแ€်ๅˆทแ€œိုแ€€်แ€แ€š်။ แ€™ျแ€€်แ€”ှာแ€žာแ€œှแ€ဲ့แ€•ုံแ€ွေแ€€ို แ€แ€•်แ€–ို့แ€•ြောแ€แ€š်။ แ€œူแ€‘ဲแ€™ှာ แ€€ျွแ€”်แ€ော် แ€•ါแ€ျแ€„်แ€œို့... แ€‘ူးแ€ြားแ€ာแ€€แ€ော့ แ€•ုံแ€‘ွแ€„်းแ€žူแ€ွေแ€€ แ€€ျွแ€”်แ€ော်แ€€ို แ€œှแ€œှแ€œေးแ€‘แ€„်แ€œို့၊ แ€žူแ€ို့แ€€ို แ€€ျွแ€”်แ€ော်แ€•ြောแ€œိုแ€€်แ€แ€š် — แ แ€’ေါ်แ€œာแ€…แ€€္แ€€ူแ€•ေါ်แ€™ှာ แ€€ျွแ€”်แ€ော်แ€•ုံ แ€‘ားแ€œို့แ€›แ€แ€š်แ€œို့။”

Chase ၏ แ€•ုံแ€กแ€•ြแ€„် greenbacks แ€ွแ€„် แ€กแ€ုแ€œုแ€•်แ€™ှုแ€€ာแ€€ွแ€š်แ€›ေးแ€”แ€Š်းแ€œแ€™်းแ€™ျားแ€œแ€Š်း แ€•ါแ€แ€„်แ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။
แ€‘ိုแ€”แ€Š်းแ€œแ€™်းแ€™ျားแ€ွแ€„်—

  • Treasury (แ€˜แ€္แ€ာแ€›ေး) แ€ံแ€†ိแ€•်แ€–ြแ€်แ€™ဲ

  • แ€œแ€€်แ€™ှแ€်แ€–ော်แ€•ြแ€ျแ€€်แ€™ျား

  • แ€‚ျီแ€ฉแ€™ေแ€ြီแ€†ိုแ€„်แ€›ာแ€•ုံแ€žแ€္แ€แ€”်แ€™ျားแ€”ှแ€„့် แ€™ျแ€‰်းแ€žားแ€•ုံแ€…ံแ€™ျား

แ€กแ€†ိုแ€•ါแ€”แ€Š်းแ€œแ€™်းแ€™ျားแ€žแ€Š် แ€šแ€”ေ့แ€กแ€‘ိแ€กแ€žုံးแ€•ြုแ€”ေแ€žแ€Š့် แ€œုံแ€ြုံแ€›ေးแ€”แ€Š်းแ€•แ€Šာแ€™ျား၏ แ€กแ€ြေแ€ံแ€กแ€… แ€–ြแ€…်แ€œာแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။ แ€šแ€”ေ့แ€ွแ€„်แ€ော့ แ€‘ိုแ€”แ€Š်းแ€œแ€™်းแ€™ျားแ€€ို แ€”ောแ€€်แ€‘แ€•် แ€”แ€Š်းแ€•แ€Šာแ€กแ€žแ€…်แ€™ျား แ€–ြแ€„့် แ€•ိုแ€™ိုแ€•ြแ€Š့်แ€…ုံแ€กောแ€„် แ€†ောแ€„်แ€›ွแ€€်แ€”ေแ€€ြแ€žแ€Š်။

แ€‚ျော့แ€…် แ€ါแ€›ှแ€„်แ€แ€”်၏ แ€•ုံแ€€ိုแ€ော့ แแˆแ†แ‰ แ€ုแ€”ှแ€…်แ€ွแ€„် แ€กแ€™ြဲแ€แ€™်းแ€กแ€–ြแ€…် แ แ€’ေါ်แ€œာแ€…แ€€္แ€€ူแ€•ေါ်แ€žို့ แ€•ြောแ€„်းแ€œဲแ€แ€„်แ€•ြแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။ แ€šแ€”ေ့แ€‘ိแ€œแ€Š်း Section 116 of the Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act แ€†ိုแ€žแ€Š့် แ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€€ွแ€€်แ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€€ြောแ€„့် แ แ€’ေါ်แ€œာแ€…แ€€္แ€€ူ၏ แ€’ီแ€‡ိုแ€„်းแ€€ို แ€•ြแ€”်แ€œแ€Š်แ€•ြแ€„်แ€†แ€„်แ€ွแ€„့် แ€™แ€›ှိแ€ော့แ€•ါ။



Social Security Applauds Passage of Legislation Providing Historic Tax Relief for Seniors

 Thursday, July 3, 2025

Social Security Applauds Passage of Legislation Providing Historic Tax Relief for Seniors

The Social Security Administration (SSA) is celebrating the passage of the One Big, Beautiful Bill, a landmark piece of legislation that delivers long-awaited tax relief to millions of older Americans.

The bill ensures that nearly 90% of Social Security beneficiaries will no longer pay federal income taxes on their benefits, providing meaningful and immediate relief to seniors who have spent a lifetime contributing to our nation's economy.

“This is a historic step forward for America’s seniors,” said Social Security Commissioner Frank Bisignano. “For nearly 90 years, Social Security has been a cornerstone of economic security for older Americans. By significantly reducing the tax burden on benefits, this legislation reaffirms President Trump’s promise to protect Social Security and helps ensure that seniors can better enjoy the retirement they’ve earned."

The new law includes a provision that eliminates federal income taxes on Social Security benefits for most beneficiaries, providing relief to individuals and couples. Additionally, it provides an enhanced deduction for taxpayers aged 65 and older, ensuring that retirees can keep more of what they have earned.

Social Security remains committed to providing timely, accurate information to the public and will continue working closely with federal partners to ensure beneficiaries understand how this legislation may affect them. 

แ€€ြာแ€žแ€•แ€ေးแ€”ေ့၊ แ€‡ူแ€œိုแ€„် แƒ၊ แ‚แ€แ‚แ…
แ€ျแ€€်แ€ျแ€„်းแ€‘ုแ€်แ€•ြแ€”်แ€›แ€”်
Social Security แ€กแ€™ျိုးแ€žားแ€žแ€แ€„်းแ€‘ုแ€်แ€•ြแ€”်แ€›ေးแ€›ုံး
press.office@ssa.gov

แ€กแ€žแ€€်แ€€ြီးแ€žူแ€™ျားแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€žแ€™ိုแ€„်းแ€แ€„် แ€กแ€ွแ€”်แ€œျှော့แ€ျแ€™ှု แ€•ါแ€แ€„်แ€žแ€Š့် แ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€กแ€แ€Š်แ€•ြုแ€ြแ€„်းแ€กแ€ွแ€€် Social Security แ€™ှ แ€แ€™်းแ€™ြောแ€€်แ€…ွာ แ€€ြိုแ€†ိုแ€€ြောแ€„်း แ€€ြေแ€Šာ

Social Security Administration (SSA) แ€žแ€Š် “One Big, Beautiful Bill” แ€Ÿုแ€ေါ်แ€žော แ€žแ€™ိုแ€„်းแ€แ€„်แ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€žแ€…်แ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€กแ€แ€Š်แ€•ြုแ€ြแ€„်းแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€แ€™်းแ€™ြောแ€€်แ€…ွာ แ€กားแ€แ€€်แ€™ှုแ€–ြแ€„့် แ€ျီးแ€€ျူးแ€”ေแ€•ါแ€žแ€Š်။ แ€คแ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€žแ€Š် แ€กแ€™ေแ€›ိแ€€แ€”်แ€กแ€”ွแ€š်แ€กแ€›ွแ€š်แ€›ောแ€€် แ€•ြแ€Š်แ€žူแ€™ျား แ€žแ€”်းแ€™ျားแ€…ွာแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€™ျှော်แ€œแ€„့်แ€‘ားแ€žแ€Š့် แ€กแ€ွแ€”်แ€œျှော့แ€ျแ€™ှုแ€™ျားแ€€ို แ€•ေးแ€กแ€•်แ€ြแ€„်းแ€–ြแ€…်แ€žแ€Š်။

แ€คแ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€–ြแ€„့် Social Security แ€กแ€€ျိုးแ€ံแ€…ားแ€žူแ€™ျား၏ แ‰แ€% แ€แ€”့်แ€žแ€Š် แ€žူแ€ို့แ€›แ€›ှိแ€žော แ€กแ€€ျိုးแ€ံแ€…ားแ€ွแ€„့်แ€•ေါ်แ€ွแ€„် แ€–แ€€်แ€’แ€›แ€š်แ€แ€„်แ€„ွေแ€กแ€ွแ€”် แ€™แ€•ေးแ€›แ€ော့แ€•ါ။ แ€คแ€€ဲ့แ€žို့แ€žော แ€กแ€›ေးแ€•ါแ€žော แ€กแ€ွแ€”်แ€œျှော့แ€ျแ€™ှုแ€žแ€Š် แ€šแ€”ေ့แ€กแ€‘ိ แ€กแ€™ေแ€›ိแ€€แ€”်แ€…ီးแ€•ွားแ€›ေးแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€•ံ့แ€•ိုးแ€†ောแ€„်แ€›ွแ€€်แ€ဲ့แ€€ြแ€žော แ€กแ€žแ€€်แ€€ြီးแ€žူแ€™ျားแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€กแ€ျแ€€်แ€กแ€ျာแ€–ြแ€…်แ€žော แ€žแ€€်แ€žာแ€™ှုแ€–ြแ€…်แ€žแ€Š်။

“แ€คแ€žแ€Š်แ€™ှာ แ€กแ€™ေแ€›ိแ€€แ€”်แ€กแ€žแ€€်แ€€ြီးแ€žူแ€™ျားแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€žแ€™ိုแ€„်းแ€แ€„်แ€ိုးแ€แ€€်แ€™ှုแ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€–ြแ€…်แ€žแ€Š်” แ€Ÿု Social Security แ€กแ€–ွဲ့แ€™ှ แ€ာแ€แ€”်แ€ံแ€กแ€›ာแ€›ှိ Frank Bisignano แ€€ แ€•ြောแ€€ြားแ€žแ€Š်။
“Social Security แ€žแ€Š် แ‰แ€ แ€”ှแ€…်แ€”ီးแ€•ါးแ€€ြာแ€กောแ€„် แ€กแ€”ွแ€š်แ€กแ€›ွแ€š်แ€›ောแ€€်แ€•ြแ€Š်แ€žူแ€™ျားแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€…ီးแ€•ွားแ€›ေးแ€กแ€€ာแ€กแ€€ွแ€š်แ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€กแ€–ြแ€…် แ€›แ€•်แ€แ€Š်แ€œာแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š်။ แ€šแ€ု แ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€กแ€แ€Š်แ€•ြုแ€ြแ€„်းแ€žแ€Š် Social Security แ€กแ€•ေါ်แ€€ แ€ာแ€แ€”်แ€€ို แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€„ံแ€ော်แ€žแ€™္แ€™แ€ Donald Trump แ€€ แ€€แ€ိแ€•ြုแ€‘ားแ€žแ€Š့်แ€กแ€ိုแ€„်း แ€•ြแ€Š့်แ€™ီแ€…ေแ€žแ€Š့်แ€กแ€•ြแ€„် แ€กแ€žแ€€်แ€€ြီးแ€žူแ€™ျားแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€กแ€”ားแ€šူแ€žแ€€်แ€žာแ€…ွာ แ€”ေแ€›ေးแ€กแ€ွแ€€်แ€œแ€Š်း แ€กแ€‘ောแ€€်แ€กแ€€ူแ€–ြแ€…်แ€…ေแ€•ါแ€žแ€Š်။”

แ€คแ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€žแ€…်แ€ွแ€„် แ€กแ€€ျိုးแ€ံแ€…ားแ€ွแ€„့်แ€™ျားแ€กแ€•ေါ် แ€–แ€€်แ€’แ€›แ€š်แ€แ€„်แ€„ွေแ€กแ€ွแ€”်แ€€ို แ€•แ€š်แ€–ျแ€€်แ€ြแ€„်းแ€•ါแ€แ€„်แ€•ြီး၊ แ€แ€…်แ€ฆးแ€ျแ€„်းแ€”ှแ€„့် แ€™ောแ€„်แ€”ှံแ€ို့แ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€กแ€ွแ€”်แ€ျုแ€•်แ€™ူแ€žแ€€်แ€žာแ€™ှုแ€€ို แ€•ေးแ€กแ€•်แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š်။ แ€‘ို့แ€•ြแ€„် แ€กแ€žแ€€် แ†แ… แ€”ှแ€…်แ€”ှแ€„့်แ€กแ€‘แ€€်แ€›ှိ แ€กแ€ွแ€”်แ€•ေးแ€žူแ€™ျားแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€กแ€•ိုแ€œျှော့แ€ျแ€€် (enhanced deduction) แ€•ါแ€แ€„်แ€žแ€Š်။ ၎แ€„်းแ€€ retirees แ€™ျားแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€›แ€›ှိแ€ဲ့แ€žแ€Š့်แ€„ွေแ€€ို แ€•ိုแ€™ိုแ€‘ိแ€”်းแ€‘ားแ€”ိုแ€„်แ€…ေแ€•ါแ€žแ€Š်

Social Security แ€žแ€Š် แ€•ြแ€Š်แ€žူแ€™ျားแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€ိแ€€ျแ€žော၊ แ€กแ€ျိแ€”်แ€™ီ แ€žแ€แ€„်းแ€กแ€ျแ€€်แ€กแ€œแ€€်แ€™ျားแ€•ေးแ€กแ€•်แ€™ှုแ€€ို แ€†แ€€်แ€œแ€€်แ€€ျแ€„့်แ€žုံးแ€žွားแ€™แ€Š်แ€–ြแ€…်แ€•ြီး၊ แ€คแ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€€ แ€™แ€Š်แ€žแ€Š့်แ€žแ€€်แ€›ောแ€€်แ€™ှုแ€™ျားแ€›ှိแ€”ိုแ€„်แ€žแ€Š်แ€€ို แ€กแ€€ျိုးแ€ံแ€…ားแ€žူแ€™ျား แ€”ားแ€œแ€Š်แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€…ေแ€›แ€”် แ€กแ€…ိုးแ€›แ€กแ€–ော်แ€™ျားแ€”ှแ€„့် แ€•ူးแ€•ေါแ€„်းแ€†ောแ€„်แ€›ွแ€€်แ€”ေแ€žော်แ€œแ€Š်းแ€€ောแ€„်း แ€†แ€€်แ€œแ€€်แ€œုแ€•်แ€†ောแ€„်แ€žွားแ€™แ€Š်แ€–ြแ€…်แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š်။

๐Ÿ“œ "One Big, Beautiful Bill" แ€†ိုแ€ာแ€˜ာแ€œဲ?

 

๐Ÿ“œ What is the "One Big, Beautiful Bill"?

This phrase likely refers to a new law that was just passed and:

  • Reduces taxes for older Americans (especially those receiving Social Security)

  • Might adjust how Social Security benefits are taxed — making more money available for seniors

  • Could include new protections or financial help for those living on fixed incomes

It's described as a “landmark” bill, which means it's a major or historic change in policy that many people have waited a long time for. 

๐Ÿ“œ "One Big, Beautiful Bill" แ€†ိုแ€ာแ€˜ာแ€œဲ?

"One Big, Beautiful Bill" แ€†ိုแ€ဲ့แ€…แ€€ားแ€•ုံแ€…ံแ€Ÿာ แ€™แ€€ြာแ€žေးแ€™ီแ€€ แ€กแ€แ€Š်แ€•ြုแ€กแ€žိแ€กแ€™ှแ€်แ€•ြုแ€•ြီးแ€–ြแ€…်แ€ဲ့ แ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€žแ€…်แ€แ€…်แ€ု แ€€ို แ€Šွှแ€”်แ€•ြแ€ာแ€–ြแ€…်แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€•ါแ€แ€š်။
แ€คแ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€žแ€…်แ€žแ€Š်—

  • แ€กแ€žแ€€်แ€€ြီးแ€žူแ€™ျားแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€กแ€ွแ€”်แ€œျှော့แ€ျแ€™ှုแ€™ျား แ€•ါแ€แ€„်แ€žแ€Š် (แ€กแ€‘ူးแ€žแ€–ြแ€„့် Social Security แ€กแ€€ျိုးแ€ံแ€…ားแ€”ေแ€žူแ€™ျားแ€กแ€ွแ€€်)

  • Social Security แ€กแ€€ျိုးแ€ံแ€…ားแ€ွแ€„့်แ€™ျားแ€กแ€•ေါ် แ€กแ€ွแ€”်แ€€ောแ€€်แ€žแ€Š့်แ€”แ€Š်းแ€œแ€™်းแ€™ျားแ€€ို แ€•ြแ€„်แ€†แ€„်แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€žแ€Š် — แ€‘ိုแ€€ြောแ€„့် แ€กแ€žแ€€်แ€€ြီးแ€žူแ€™ျားแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€„ွေแ€•ိုแ€›แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€žแ€Š်

  • แ€กแ€žားแ€แ€„်แ€แ€„်แ€„ွေ (fixed income) แ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€แ€Š်းแ€žာแ€›ှိแ€žူแ€™ျားแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€€ာแ€€ွแ€š်แ€™ှုแ€กแ€žแ€…်แ€™ျား แ€žို့แ€™แ€Ÿုแ€် แ€„ွေแ€€ြေးแ€กแ€‘ောแ€€်แ€กแ€€ူแ€™ျား แ€•ါแ€แ€„်แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€žแ€Š်

แ€คแ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€€ို "landmark bill" แ€Ÿု แ€–ော်แ€•ြแ€‘ားแ€ြแ€„်းแ€™ှာ၊ แ€คแ€กแ€ျแ€€်แ€žแ€Š် แ€กแ€›ေးแ€€ြီးแ€•ြီး แ€žแ€™ိုแ€„်းแ€แ€„်แ€–ြแ€…်แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€žော แ€™ူแ€ါแ€’แ€•ြောแ€„်းแ€œဲแ€™ှုแ€แ€…်แ€ု แ€–ြแ€…်แ€€ြောแ€„်းแ€€ို แ€†ိုแ€œိုแ€žแ€Š်။ แ€กแ€™ျားแ€•ြแ€Š်แ€žူแ€€ แ€กแ€ျိแ€”်แ€€ြာแ€€ြာแ€…ောแ€„့်แ€™ျှော်แ€”ေแ€ဲ့แ€žော แ€ฅแ€•แ€’ေแ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€œแ€Š်း แ€–ြแ€…်แ€žแ€Š်။


๐Ÿ›️ Social Security Administration (SSA) แ€†ိုแ€ာแ€˜ာแ€œဲ?

 ๐Ÿ›️ Social Security Administration (SSA) แ€†ိုแ€ာแ€˜ာแ€œဲ?

SSA แ€žแ€Š် แ€กแ€™ေแ€›ိแ€€แ€”်แ€กแ€…ိုးแ€›၏ แ€กแ€–ွဲ့แ€กแ€…แ€Š်းแ€แ€…်แ€ုแ€–ြแ€…်แ€•ြီး၊ แ€กောแ€€်แ€•ါแ€ာแ€แ€”်แ€™ျားแ€€ို แ€‘แ€™်းแ€†ောแ€„်แ€œျแ€€်แ€›ှိแ€•ါแ€žแ€Š်။

แ€กแ€‘ူးแ€กแ€€ျိုးแ€ံแ€…ားแ€ွแ€„့်แ€™ျား (Social Security Benefits) แ€€ို แ€…ီแ€™ံแ€แ€”့်แ€ွဲแ€žแ€Š်

แ€กแ€„ြိแ€™်းแ€…ားแ€ွแ€„့်၊ แ€™แ€žแ€”်แ€™แ€…ွแ€™်းแ€–ြแ€…်แ€™ှု แ€”ှแ€„့် แ€™ိแ€žားแ€…ုแ€กแ€–ွဲ့แ€แ€„်แ€™ျားแ€กแ€ွแ€€် แ€กแ€€ျိုးแ€ံแ€…ားแ€ွแ€„့်แ€™ျား แ€€ို แ€•ေးแ€กแ€•်แ€•ါแ€แ€š်။

แ€กแ€žแ€€်แ€€ြီးแ€•ြီแ€–ြแ€…်แ€žော แ€กแ€™ေแ€›ိแ€€แ€”်แ€”ိုแ€„်แ€„ံแ€žားแ€™ျားแ€€ို แ€„ွေแ€€ြေးแ€†ိုแ€„်แ€›ာแ€กแ€‘ောแ€€်แ€กแ€€ူแ€•ေးแ€•ါแ€แ€š်။


 Before it was part of the United States, Alaska belonged to the Russian Empire. By the 1860s, however, Russia was eager to sell the territo...