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Thursday, February 20, 2025
Idioms Why do we say “get your ducks in a row”?
Tuesday, February 18, 2025
Coughing is often triggered by excess secretion in the respiratory tract
Coughing is often triggered by excess secretion in the respiratory tract because the body tries to clear the airways of mucus or other irritants. Here’s how it works:
Irritant Detection: The respiratory tract, including the throat and lungs, is lined with mucus membranes that produce mucus. This mucus traps particles like dust, microbes, and allergens. When these membranes produce more mucus than usual—due to infections, allergies, or irritants like smoke or pollution—the excess mucus can stimulate nerve endings in the airway.
Nerve Stimulation: These nerve endings are part of the body's reflex system designed to protect the lungs. When stimulated by excess mucus, these nerves send signals to the brain.
Cough Reflex Activation: The brain then processes these signals and activates the cough reflex. This reflex involves a deep inhalation followed by a forceful contraction of the muscles in the chest and abdomen, closing the vocal cords. When the cords suddenly open, air rushes out of the lungs at high speed, dislodging and expelling the mucus and irritants.
This mechanism helps keep the airways clear, allowing for easier breathing and reducing the risk of infection. However, persistent or excessive coughing may indicate an underlying health issue that requires medical attention.
Why Do We Wake Around 3am and Dwell on Our Fears?
Why Do We Wake Around 3am and Dwell on Our Fears?
The thoughts are often distressing and punitive. Strikingly, these concerns vaporise in the daylight, proving that the 3am thinking was completely irrational and unproductive. But why?
When I wake at 3am or so, I’m prone to picking on myself. And I know I’m not the only one who does this. A friend of mine calls 3am thoughts “barbed-wire thinking”, because you can get caught in it.
The thoughts are often distressing and punitive. Strikingly, these concerns vaporise in the daylight, proving that the 3am thinking was completely irrational and unproductive.
So, what’s going on?
I’m a psychology researcher with expertise in mood, sleep, and the circadian system (the internal clock regulating sleep). Here’s what the research says about what may be behind this common experience.
What’s Happening in Your Body at 3am?
In a normal night’s sleep, our neurobiology reaches a turning point around 3 or 4am.
Core body temperature starts to rise, sleep drive is reducing (because we’ve had a chunk of sleep), secretion of melatonin (the sleep hormone) has peaked, and levels of cortisol (a stress hormone) are increasing as the body prepares to launch us into the day.
Remarkably, all this activity happens independent of cues from the environment such as dawn light – nature decided long ago that sunrise and sunset are so important that they must be predicted (hence the circadian system).
We actually wake up many times each night, and light sleep is more common in the second half of the night. When sleep is going well for us, we are simply unaware of these awakenings. But add a bit of stress and there is a good chance that waking will become a fully self-aware state.
Not surprisingly, there is evidence the pandemic is a sleep-disturbing stressor. So if you’re experiencing 3am wakings at the moment, you’re definitely not alone.
Stress also impacts sleep in insomnia, where people become hypervigilant about being awake.
Concerns about being awake when one “should” be asleep can cause the person to jolt themselves into anxious wakefulness whenever they go through a light sleep phase.
If that sounds like you, be aware that insomnia responds well to psychological treatment with cognitive behavioural therapy. There’s also a strong link between sleep and depression, so it’s important to speak to your doctor if you have any concerns about your sleep.
Catastrophising in the Wee Hours
As a cognitive therapist, I sometimes joke the only thing good about 3am waking is that it gives us all a vivid example of catastrophising.
Around this time in the sleep cycle, we’re at our lowest ebb physically and cognitively. From nature’s viewpoint, this is meant to be a time of physical and emotional recovery, so it’s understandable that our internal resources are low.
But we also lack other resources in the middle of the night – social connections, cultural assets, all the coping skills of an adult are unavailable at this time. With none of our human skills and capital, we are left alone in the dark with our thoughts. So the mind is partly right when it concludes the problems it’s generated are unsolvable – at 3am, most problems literally would be.
Once the sun’s up, we’re listening to the radio, chewing our Vegemite toast and pushing the cat off the bench, and our 3am problems are put in perspective. We can’t believe the solution of just ringing this person, postponing that thing, or checking such-and-such was overlooked in the wee hours.
The truth is, our mind isn’t really looking for a solution at 3am. We might think we are problem solving by mentally working over issues at this hour, but this isn’t really problem solving; it’s problem solving’s evil twin – worry.
Worry is identifying a problem, ruminating about the worst possible outcome and neglecting the resources we would bring to bear should the non-preferred outcome actually occur.

So, What Can We Do about It?
Have you noticed the 3am thoughts are very self-focused? In the quiet dark, it’s easy to slide unknowingly into a state of extreme egocentricity. Circling round the concept “I”, we can generate painful backwards-looking feelings like guilt or regret. Or turn our tired thoughts to the always uncertain future, generating baseless fears.
Buddhism has a strong position on this type of mental activity: the self is a fiction, and that fiction is the source of all distress. Many of us now practise Buddhist-informed mindfulness to manage stress in the daytime; I use mindfulness to deal with 3am wakings.
I bring my attention to my senses, specifically the sound of my breath. When I notice thoughts arising, I gently bring my attention back to the sound of breathing (pro tip: earplugs help you hear the breath and get out of your head).
Sometimes this meditation works. Sometimes it doesn’t. If I’m still caught in negative thinking after 15 or 20 minutes, I follow the advice from cognitive behavioural therapy, and get up, turn on dim light and read.
This action may seem mundane, but at 3am it is powerfully compassionate, and can help draw you out of your unproductive thinking.
One last tip: It’s important to convince yourself (during daylight hours) that you want to avoid catastrophic thinking. For good reasons not to worry, you can’t go past the Stoic philosophers.
Waking and worrying at 3am is very understandable and very human. But in my opinion, not a great habit to get into.
Greg Murray is a professor and director at Swinburne University of Technology’s Centre for Mental Health.
Thursday, February 6, 2025
Bird flu concerns grow as second strain found in US
Bird flu concerns grow as second strain found in US
Second bird flu strain found in US dairy cattle, USDA says
U.S. dairy cattle tested positive for a strain of bird flu that previously had not been seen in cows, the U.S. Department of Agriculture said on Wednesday, ramping up concerns about the persistent spread of the virus.
The H5N1 virus has reduced milk output in cattle, pushed up egg prices by wiping out millions of hens, and infected nearly 70 people since April as it has spread across the country.
The second strain was the predominant genotype among wild birds this past fall and winter and has also been found in poultry, the USDA said. It was identified in dairy cattle through an agency program
"We're seeing the H5N1 virus itself be smarter than all of us," said Beth Thompson, South Dakota's state veterinarian.
"It's modifying itself so it's not just staying in the poultry and the wild birds likely transmitted the second strain to cattle in Nevada, said J.J. Goicoechea, Nevada's agriculture director. Farmers need to ramp up safety and security measures to protect their animals, he s
Sunday, January 26, 2025
A Day in the Life of a Settler in Colonial America
A Day in the Life of a Settler in Colonial America
- Colonial settlers, 1760
There was no one typical day in colonial America — the experiences of colonial families differed based on their location, economic status, and individual circumstances. The colonial era not only spanned a large period of time — from the early 17th century to the late 18th century, before the United States became an independent nation — but it also covered a large and varied landscape. The 13 original American colonies stretched from Massachusetts to Georgia, and were populated by settlers from different parts of Europe whose beliefs, traditions, and lifestyles varied greatly.
Colonial settlements ranged from the growing urban centers of the Northeast to the rural agrarian communities of the Southern colonies, and the daily routines of families were impacted by their environment, which included the influence of Indigenous populations. Colonists often adopted or adapted aspects of Native American culture, including agricultural practices and culinary techniques, in order to survive. Weather conditions, seasons, and the availability of resources also played significant roles in shaping daily life in the colonies. But whether you were a farmer, a merchant, a tradesman, or a wife and mother, day-to-day life in the colonies consisted of long days, hard work, and community connections.

The Workday Started Before Dawn
The workday in colonial America typically began before dawn and lasted until the sun went down, and throughout the day, families dedicated themselves to tasks essential for their survival. The morning started with a modest breakfast of bread and milk, porridge, or cornmeal mush with cider or beer before the work began. This sustenance was much-needed: Depending on the time of year, weather, and season, the typical workday could be up to 12 hours long, six days a week.
Men were expected to provide for their family, and while farming was the primary occupation throughout the colonies, there were a variety of other jobs to be filled, particularly as towns started to grow. Men worked as blacksmiths, carpenters, silversmiths, and in other skilled trades and crafts that contributed to the local economy. Women typically worked in the home, managing all aspects of the household and childcare, including meal preparation and basic education of the children. In addition, married women in non-farming families often worked alongside their husbands in shops or trades, and unmarried or widowed women took jobs as seamstresses, midwives, or tavern keepers. Children often assisted their parents in their work, learning valuable skills for their future roles in the community.

“Dinner” Was at Lunchtime
In the colonial era, the midday meal was called “dinner,” and it was the biggest, heartiest meal of the day. Those who worked in town in trades and shops could go to a common hall for a meal of stew made from pork or poultry, and seasonal vegetables such as corn and cabbage. The midday break provided a short period of rest from work, allowing families to connect with neighbors and strengthen social bonds.
For many colonial settlements, the local economy also relied heavily on indentured and enslaved labor. Indentured servants brought from Europe and enslaved individuals, predominantly of African descent, played essential roles in supporting colonial households. Their contributions, though often overlooked, were integral to the success of farms and trades and the day-to-day functioning of many households. Farm laborers, including enslaved workers, would have their dinner brought to them where they worked in the fields.
The Seasons Had a Big Impact on Daily Life
During peak agricultural seasons, such as planting in springtime and harvesting in the fall, the workday for farming families was extended, as all members of the family dedicated themselves to essential tasks on the farm. The demanding nature of these seasons required longer hours to ensure a successful harvest and sustained livelihood. On the other hand, in the winter months or during inclement weather, when outdoor activities were limited, the workday might be shorter. Families would then focus on indoor tasks and household chores, such as preparing food for storage, or weaving and mending clothing.
Clothes were generally made from locally sourced materials, particularly sheep’s wool and cultivated cotton and flax, and families produced their own textiles through spinning and weaving. Everyday clothing was modest and simple, reflecting the practical needs of daily life. Men typically wore shirts, waistcoats, and breeches, while women donned dresses with full skirts covered by long aprons. Both men and women also wore leather shoes or boots, as well as hats made of felt or animal pelts.

Leisure Time Meant Music, Games, and Social Events
Not unlike today, evenings were a time for more leisurely activities at home or in town. Large families were common in colonial America, and homes were generally modest in size, with a central hearth for cooking and heating that also provided a place for families to spend time together at the beginning and end of the day. After a light supper of leftovers, the family would often gather around the hearth for warmth and engage in storytelling, handiwork, or quiet chores by candlelight.
Homemade entertainment, such as playing musical instruments, singing songs, or playing simple games, were also popular ways for families to spend what little free time they had. Outside of the home, attending church services, gathering in common halls and taverns, and participating in organized social gatherings like fairs and dances offered a chance for neighbors to interact, share meals, and reinforce their sense of community.
At the end of the evening, families would retire to their beds, which were made of woven sacks known as “ticks.” Beds were stuffed with straw or chaff and sometimes layered with a softer feather-stuffed tick and homemade quilts for warmth. Because there were few rooms in the average home, there were rarely any designated sleeping quarters; rather, people slept in living areas with multiple family members sharing a room. Older children slept in one bed and infants and very young children slept next to their mother. With the natural rhythm of daylight and limited artificial lighting, bedtime was early by modern standards — and a necessity for preparing for the long days of physical labor.
Saturday, January 18, 2025
JetBlue Slapped With $2 Million Fine
JetBlue Slapped With $2 Million Fine For "Chronic" Flight Delays By USDOT
Frontier Airlines review
Frontier Airlines, a U.S.-based ultra-low-cost carrier, has received varied ratings across different aspects of its service.
Safety: In 2025, AirlineRatings.com recognized Frontier Airlines as the safest low-cost carrier in the U.S., highlighting its commitment to safety standards.
NEW YORK POST
On-Time Performance: According to aviation data provider Cirium, Frontier Airlines had an on-time arrival rate below 72% in 2024, placing it among the lower-performing U.S. carriers in terms of punctuality.
AP NEWS
Customer Satisfaction: The American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) ranked Frontier Airlines near the bottom among U.S. carriers, with a score of 69 out of 100, just above Spirit Airlines.
NERDWALLET: FINANCE SMARTER
Passenger Reviews: Travelers have reported mixed experiences with Frontier Airlines. Common feedback includes appreciation for low fares but concerns over additional fees, seat comfort, and customer service. For instance, Skytrax reviews indicate an average rating of 2 out of 10 based on 3,751 reviews.
SKYTRAX
In summary, while Frontier Airlines is recognized for its safety and competitive pricing, potential passengers should be aware of its performance in punctuality and customer satisfaction, as well as the possibility of additional fees for services.
Wednesday, January 15, 2025
How Were the Egyptian Pyramids Built?
How Were the Egyptian Pyramids Built?
Engraving of the Pyramids of Giza
Ancient Egypt was home to more than 100 pyramids, many of which still stand today. One of the oldest monumental pyramids in Egypt, the Step Pyramid of Djoser, was built sometime between 2667 BCE and 2648 BCE and began a period of pyramid construction lasting more than a thousand years. The most famous monuments are found at the Giza complex, home to the Great Pyramid, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure, all built during the Fourth Dynasty around 2600 to 2500 BCE — the golden age of ancient Egypt.
The Egyptian pyramids stand as one of humanity’s most remarkable architectural achievements, and their incredible precision and massive scale have confounded researchers for centuries. Despite numerous theories and extensive archaeological research, the exact methods of their construction remain a subject of scholarly debate. How did ancient Egyptians erect pyramids using millions of massive blocks weighing as much as 2.5 tons each? And how, more specifically, did they move those blocks up the superstructure? To this day, there is no known historical or archaeological evidence that resolves the question definitively. While popular speculation often veers into fantastical explanations — yes, including aliens — serious historians and archaeologists have given much thought as to how these monumental structures might have been erected using the technological capabilities of the time. Here are three of the most likely construction theories.
Credit: Science History Images/ Alamy Stock Photo
The Herodotus Machine
The first historical account of the construction of the pyramids came from the ancient Greek historian Herodotus in the fifth century BCE. In his Histories, he wrote that the Great Pyramid took 20 years to build and demanded the labor of 100,000 people. Herodotus also wrote that after laying the stones for the base, workers “raised the remaining stones to their places by means of machines formed of short wooden planks. The first machine raised them from the ground to the top of the first step. On this there was another machine, which received the stone upon its arrival and conveyed it to the second step,” and so on. These “Herodotus Machines,” as they later became known, are speculated to have used a system of levers or ropes (or both) to lift blocks incrementally between levels of the pyramid. Egyptian priests told Herodotus about this system — but it’s important to note that this was a long time after the construction of the Great Pyramid, so neither the priests nor Herodotus were actual eyewitnesses to its construction. It is certainly feasible, however, that the machines he described may have been used, either by themselves or, more likely, in conjunction with other methods.
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The External Ramp Theory
Archaeologists generally agree that a system of ramps must have been used, in some form or another, to drag the millions of blocks into their positions in the various pyramids. While there’s no remaining physical evidence of external ramps at the Great Pyramid, traces can be seen around some of the other Old Kingdom structures. One initial theory posited the use of a single, linear ramp built on one side of the pyramid, which would have been gradually raised as the pyramid progressed. But, considering that an 8% slope is about the maximum possible slope for moving such heavy blocks, a ramp such as this would have needed to be about a mile long to reach the top of the pyramid. That would mean constructing the ramp would have been as much of a task as building the pyramid itself, making the theory unlikely, especially for larger structures such as the Great Pyramid. There are a few other ramp theories, however. One proposes that a series of switchback, or staircase, ramps could have been built, zigzagging up just one face of the pyramid. Traces of these have been found at the Sinki, Meidum, Giza, Abu Ghurob, and Lisht pyramids. Other archaeologists have speculated that a spiraling ramp could have been used, which would have wrapped around the entire pyramid. This is a popular theory, although it does have its problems. As with the straight or linear ramp, this ramp would potentially have been a mile long if it was used to build the Great Pyramid, making it in itself a massive construction project. It’s also not clear how workers could have maneuvered 2.5-ton blocks around the corners of the ramp. Archaeologist Mark Lehner did make a practical demonstration of how this could be done, but it was on a far, far smaller pyramid.
Credit: Classic Image/ Alamy Stock Photo
The Internal Ramp Theory
In 2007, the French architect Jean-Pierre Houdin offered a new theory to solve the mystery of how Egypt’s Great Pyramid was built. Using archaeological research combined with 3D computer modeling, he argued that the Egyptians used an internal — rather than external — system of ramps to build the pyramid. Workers, he theorized, used an outer ramp to build the first 141 feet, then constructed a spiraling inner ramp to carry stones to the apex of the 482-foot-tall pyramid. Using this technique, Houdin argued, the pyramid could have been built by around 4,000 people instead of 100,000, as other theories suggest.The internal ramp theory was met with much intrigue, with some archaeologists skeptical and others arguing that it’s as valid as any other concept. Interestingly, Houdin’s proposal would explain why no evidence of ramps has been found at the Great Pyramid: They could be still there, hidden inside the structure. He and his team continue to work on the hypothesis, in search of definitive evidence of internal ramp structures with the help of 3D scanning technology. Whether concrete proof will ever be found to support one particular theory is yet to be seen. It’s entirely possible, of course, that the Egyptians utilized various construction techniques when building the pyramids, combining levers and both external and internal ramps — as well as other possible methods — to overcome whatever challenges came their way.
Sunday, January 5, 2025
10 Most Commonly Stolen Vehicles in California (2022 Data)
10 Most Commonly Stolen Vehicles in California (2022 Data)
Here’s a list of the most commonly stolen vehicles in California, courtesy of the National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB):
- Honda Civic (2000 model most targeted)
- Honda Accord (1997 model most targeted)
- Toyota Camry (1999 model most targeted)
- Toyota Corolla (2014 model most targeted)
- Chevrolet Silverado (2004 model most targeted)
- Ford F-150 (2006 model most targeted)
- Nissan Altima (2015 model most targeted)
- GMC Sierra (2005 model most targeted)
- Honda CR-V (2001 model most targeted)
- Dodge Ram (2001 model most targeted)
Why These Vehicles?
- Older Models: Popular vehicles manufactured before the mid-2000s often lack advanced anti-theft technology, making them easier to steal.
- High Parts Demand: These vehicles are reliable and widely owned, creating a lucrative black market for spare parts.
- Catalytic Converters: Trucks like the Silverado and F-150 are targeted for their catalytic converters, which contain precious metals.
The 10 most commonly stolen vehicles in California, as reported by the National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB), often include older models of popular cars like Hondas, Toyotas, and trucks. This trend can be explained by several factors:
1. High Popularity of Certain Models
- Vehicles like the Honda Civic, Honda Accord, and Toyota Camry are widely owned. Their prevalence increases the likelihood of theft because:
- More vehicles on the road mean more targets for thieves.
- Demand for parts from these cars is high in both legal and illegal markets.
2. Value of Spare Parts
- Older models often have interchangeable parts that are easy to sell.
- Engines, catalytic converters, airbags, and radios from these vehicles are frequently stolen for resale.
3. Lower Security Features
- Older vehicles lack modern anti-theft technologies like:
- Immobilizers.
- GPS tracking systems.
- Advanced keyless entry systems.
- This makes them easier for thieves to target.
4. Catalytic Converter Thefts
- Trucks and SUVs, like the Chevrolet Silverado, often top the list because their catalytic converters are easily accessible and contain valuable metals such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium.
5. Black Market Demand
- Parts for vehicles that are no longer manufactured, such as older Toyota pickup trucks, can fetch high prices in the black market.
6. Targeting Specific Regions
- California’s population density and urban areas increase opportunities for theft.
- Ports in California allow stolen vehicles to be quickly exported.
7. Ease of Resale
- Popular vehicles blend in, making them less noticeable to law enforcement.
- Thieves often forge documents to resell these vehicles in other states or countries.
Tips to Prevent Vehicle Theft
Tips to Prevent Vehicle Theft
- Use Anti-Theft Devices:
- Steering wheel locks (e.g., The Club).
- Car alarms.
- GPS tracking systems.
- Park Smart:
- Park in well-lit areas or garages.
- Use surveillance cameras if parking at home.
- Etch Your VIN:
- Engraving your vehicle identification number (VIN) on windows and parts can deter thieves.
- Install a Kill Switch:
- A hidden switch disables your car’s ignition system.
- Lock Your Car:
- Always lock doors, close windows, and never leave keys or valuables inside.
- Be Alert:
- Stay updated on theft trends in your area.
Vallejo crime rate
Vallejo, California, has a crime rate higher than both state and national averages. According to NeighborhoodScout, Vallejo's crime rate is 52 per 1,000 residents, placing it among the highest in the U.S. Residents face a 1 in 19 chance of becoming a victim of either violent or property crime. The violent crime rate is notably high, with a 1 in 102 chance of being a victim, and the property crime rate stands at 43 per 1,000 residents.
NEIGHBORHOODSCOUT
AreaVibes reports that Vallejo's total crime rate is 5,206 per 100,000 people, exceeding the national average by 124%. Violent crimes, including assault, robbery, rape, and murder, are 163% higher than the national average, while property crimes are 116% higher.
AREAVIBES
CrimeGrade.org assigns Vallejo a B grade for overall crime, indicating that the city's crime rate is slightly lower than the average U.S. city. However, crime rates vary within the city; the north part is generally considered safer, with a 1 in 43 chance of being a crime victim, compared to the west neighborhoods, where the chance is as high as 1 in 18.
https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ca/vallejo/crime?utm_source=chatgpt.com
The Vallejo Police Department provides a crime mapping dashboard for real-time information on crime incidents, offering residents insights into local crime trends.
VALLEJO POLICE DEPARTMENT
https://www.areavibes.com/vallejo-ca/crime/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
In summary, Vallejo experiences higher crime rates compared to state and national averages, with significant variations across different neighborhoods. Residents and visitors should remain vigilant and consult local resources for the most current information on safety and crime prevention.
https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ca/vallejo/crime?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Recent Trends in California's Crime Policies
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Why California Is Swinging Right on Crime
209 days ago
Saturday, December 21, 2024
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Friday, December 20, 2024
Medical field แြောแ်แ แာ แေးแောแ แกแြောแ်း။
แြောแ်แ แာ แေးแောแ แกแြောแ်း။
แေးแျแ်แ แแ်แ แ်แแ်
แกแွှแ်းแဲ့แแ်แแ်းแုံးแါแွားแแ်แိုแแိုแါแဲ။
แေးแောแแြီးแแ ်แုแုံးแို แုံแกแ်แြီးแแုံแြแို့แိုแ်แွแ်းแားแာ
แေးแာแ แေါแ်แာแော့แแ် แกแ်แ ် แแ်แဲแแ်
แာแာแြแ်แာแ แแာแแ်แြီးแေါแ်แာ แြแ်แกောแ်แွแ်း။
แေးแောแแို แแ့်แျแ်แူแแ ်แฆး၏ แွแ့်แแแ်แံแျแ်แျား แိုแဲ။
แီแกแွှแ်းแို Wellness แျแ္แာแေးแแ္แแแ်းแှာแแ်แိုแ်แแာ။ แกแှแ် แแแ แွแ်แ แแแแ แုแုแ်แှာแါ
แกแွှแ်းแေးแြแ်းแြแ့်แြแါแกုံး
----------------------------------
แျွแ်แော်แာ แေแ်แแ ် แေးแောแแြီးแို แกแုံแกแြแ်แแှိแူแแ ်แောแ်
แြแ ်แါแแ်။แแ ်แแ်းแกားแြแ့် แီแေแ်แေးแောแแြီးแို แแ့်แျแ်แေแူแါ။
แီแ ာแกုแ် แေးแแြแ်းแဲ့ แแ်แွแ်แျแ်แแแ်း แแ်แျားแို แျွแ်แော့แိုแဲ
แေแ်แေးแောแแို แแ့်แျแ်แူแแ ်แောแ်แြแ ်แกောแ် แွေးแောแ်แြားแောแ်း
แျแ်แို့แါ ။แแ ်แျိแ်แแော့ แျွแ်แော်แာ แေးแောแแြီးแို แုံแြแ်
แိုးแ ားแဲ့แူแแ ်แောแ် แြแ ်แဲ့แါแแ်။
แေးแျောแ်းแแ်แဲ့แ แ်แ แกแျိုးแแီးแွေแกแွแ် แกแုံးแြုแဲ့แဲ့ แกီแ แ်แแိုแျแ်
แော်แုแ်းแกแြောแ်းแို แဲแဲแแ်แแ် แแေ့แာแိแါแူး။ แုံแုံแြแ်แြแ်แဲ့
แแ်แံแဲ့แါแแ်။ แောแ်แกแှแ ် แแ แောแ်แှာ แီแေးแြောแ့် แိแ်းแแိုแ်แแ်แာแဲ့
แွေးแာแဲ့แแေးแွေแှာ แိแ်แกแ်္แါ แုံแှแ်แแုแ်แာแွေ แွေ့แแိแ့်แแ်แို့
แံแแ แแြแ ်แဲ့แါแူး။
แေ့แแ ေ့แแแ ေ့ แွေးแာแဲ့ แแေးแွေแို แกောแ်แ ီแျแ်แေး แုแแှုแกแေါ်แှာ
แံแแแแြแ ်แဲ့แာแိုแแ်း แျွแ်แော်แแ်แံแါแแ်။ แกแ แ แกแာแာแြแ့်แ ုံแဲ့
แေးแုံแြီးแွေแှာ แေါแ်แျိแ်แแြแ့်แဲ့ แแေးแွေแို แกောแ်แ ီแျแ်แေးแြီးแုแแို့
แแ แာแိုแ်แုံးแောแแေးแွေแာ แกแြแ်แกာแုံ แျို့แဲ့แြแာแို แွေ့แแါแแ်။
แိုแ်แกแแ်းแแ်แာแေးแဲ့ แေแာแ แေးแုံแှာ แแ ္แ แ်းแိแိแာ แแ ုံแแ်แေแဲ့
แแေးแွေแဲ့แกแြแ်แกာแုံ แျို့แဲ့แှုแာ แแ แာแိုแ်แုံးแာแြแ ်แာ แွေ့แแါแแ်။
แျွแ်แော်แแီแိแ ္แ แို แแာแြแ ်แဲ့ แါแောแ္แแို แေးแြแ့်แါแแ်။แแာ
แှแ်းแြแာแ แျို့แဲ့แဲ့แေးแုံแ แแာแแ်แွေแာ แောแါแกแှแ်แို แแိแြแို့
แြแ ်แแာแို့แြောแါแแ်။ แါแိုแแ်း แျွแ်แော် แုံแြแ်แိုแ်แါแแ်။
แောแ်แแ ်แှแ ် แှแ ်แှแ ်แောแ်แြာแော့ แီแျแ်แ ိแกာแုံแိแိုแ်แှုแာ
แกောแ်แ ီแျแ်แါแ်แေးแာ แျားแွားแို့ แြแ ်แแာแို့ แိแာแြแါแแ်။แြแ ်แုံแ
แြแ့်แ ုံแဲ့ แေးแုံแွေแှာ แแ ္แ แ်းแกแောแ်းแ ားแွေแို့ แေးแแျှแกောแ်แ ီแျแ်แ
แแေးแီ แกแုแ်แောแ်แြแါแแ်။ แျို့แဲ့แဲ့แေးแုံแွေแှာแော့ แแ ္แ แ်းแွေแ
แกแံ့แွေแိုแော့ แို့แแျှแกောแ်แ ီแျแ် แိแ်แแ ်แแ်แ แ်แแ ်แแ်แဲ့ แแေးแီ
แกแုแ်แแောแ်แါแူး แါแြောแ့်แဲ แျแ်แ ိแိแိုแ်แှု แแ်းแแာแေါ့။
แေ့แแ ေ့ แแแ ေ့ แွေးแာแဲ့แแေးแွေ แกแแ်แှူแแ်းแြောแ်းแောแါแွေ
แกแွแ် แแ်แแာแိုแ်แแแ်းแေးแြီး แုแแဲ့แ ာแแ်း แြုแ ုแဲ့แ แ်แแแ်း
แျွแ်แော်แ แုံแြแ်แျแ်แกแြแ့်แဲ့แါ။ แျွแ်แော်แို့แแေးแွแ်แိုးแျိုးแแှိแူးแို့
แုံးแแ်แဲ့แြแါแแ်။ แောแောแแ်แกแေแဲ့แုแ်แါแဲ့။ แောแ်แှแ ်แွေ แြာแာ
แော့ แီแေးแုံးแဲ့แဲ့ แแေးแွေแှာ แွားแွေแกแါแောแ်แြแ ်แာแแ် ။
แกแိုးแွေแှာ แแ်แแာ แိုแ်แแแ်းแွေ แွားแြီးแ ုแာแိုแွေ့แာแแแ်။
แောแ်แแ ်แုแแแ်းแกာแီးแောแ်แာ แားแံแแ်แျိแ်แဲ့ แိုแ်းแแ်แ ်
แွေแို แာแ်แောแ်แြแ်แဲ့ แုแแှုแွေแုแ်แဲ့แြแแ်။ แါแောแ္แแแာแြီးแ
แာแိแောแ်แြแ်แာ แกแ္แแာแ်แှိแေแဲ့ แแ်းแแ်းแာแกแုံးแြုแို့ แแ ်แ ုံแแ ်แာ
แแိแိုแ်แိုแ်แူးแို့ แှแ်းแြแာแိုแแ်း แျွแ်แော်แို့ แုံแိုแ်แါแแ်။
แှแ ်แွေ แกแော်แြာแာแော့ แกแ္แแာแ်แแှိแါแူးแို့ แြောแဲ့แဲ့ แာแ်แောแ်
แြแ်แာ แိုแ်းแွိုแ်แแ်แာแို แြแ ်แ ေแါแော့แแ်။
แုแျွแ်แော်แေแ်แแ ် แေးแแာแို แกแုံ แกแြแ် แแှိแော့แါแူး။
แแ်แိုแဲ แေးแုံแုံးแแ ္แ แ်းแွေ แြแ့်แြแ့်แ ုံแ ုံแဲ့ แ แ်းแแ်แြီး แแ်แျေးแိแ်แွေ့แ ွာ
แုแแ ေแာแူ แျွแ်แော့แกแေแဲ့แော့ แแ်แแံแော့แါแူး။ แแ်แျားแဲ့แျแ္แာแေး
แกแြေแกแေแိုแกแျားแုံးแกแ္แแာแ် แေးแိုแ်แူแာ แေแ်แแ ်แေးแแာแွေแဲ့
แုแแေးแေแဲ့ แแာแแ်แွေแါแဲแို့ แျွแ်แော်แောแ်แျแ်แျแျแ်แါแแ်။
แေแ်แแ ်แေးแါးแုแแှုแွေแာแိแ်แြီး แกแျိုးแแ်แောแ်แှုแแှိแူးแို့
แျွแ်แော်แုံแြแ်แါแแ်။
แောแါแแြแ ်แဲ แောแါแှာแွေแ แ်းแแ်แေแဲ့ แိแ ္แ แွေแแแ်း แกแ္แแာแ်แို
แိုแกောแ်แုแ်แေแแ်แို့ แျွแ်แော်แုံแါแแ်။
แแာแแ် แေးแုံ แေးแါးแဲ့ แေးแแ ္แ แ်းแွေ แแ แာแိုแ်แုံးแောแ် แแ္แာแြေ
แေါ်แ แျောแ်แွားแာแဲ့ แျွแ်แော်แို့แဲ့ แျแ္แာแေးแာ แျแ်แျแ်းแแ်แแ်း
แိုးแแ်แွားแแ်แို့ แျွแ်แော်แုံแြแ်แါแแ်။
แกแแ်းแกแแ် แောแါแွေแို แกแ ွแ်းแုแ်แုแแေแြแဲ့ แီแေ့แြแ ်แ แ်แွေแာ
แိုแกแ်แာแแ် แိုแေแแ်แို့ แျွแ်แော်แแ်แါแแ်။
แแြာแေးแแ်แ แแိแแ်း แေးแုံแဲ့ แုแ်แြแ်แျแ်แแ ်แုแှာ แှแ ်แုံးแွဲแ ိแ်แှု
แแแแ၊ แာแ်แွဲแแ်းแ แ်းแแ်แှု แแแแแแแ၊ แှแ ်แုံး แกီးแ ီแျီ แ แ်းแแ်แှု แแแแ၊
แာแ်แှแ်แ แแ် แแแแแแ၊แဲ့ แแြားแာแ်แှแ်แ แ်းแแ်แှု แแแแแ၊ แွေแုแ်แဲ့แါแแ်။
แီแ แ်းแแ်แှုแွေแုแ်แို့ แျแ္แာแေးแกแွแ်แแာแ်แ แกแွแ်แแ်းแါးแှแါแแ်
แါแြောแ့် แแ်แျားแာ แแာแแ်แီแွားแဲ့แกแါแှာ แแ်แျားแို แျแ္แာแေးแกแွแ်
แกแူแกแီแိုแဲ့ แူแแ ်แောแ်แกแေแဲ့แแြแ်แါแူး။ แေးแါးแုแ္แแီแဲ့ แုแ်แုแ်แแ ္แ แ်း
แွေแกแွแ် แ ျေးแွแ်แแ ်แုแိုแာแွแ်แားแာแါ။
แแ်แျားแာแိုแ်แแ်แောแ် แแ ်แောแ်แกแေแဲ့ แแာแแ်แီแွားแဲ့แแ်
แแ်แျားแို แူแာแแ ်แောแ်แို့ แแ်แှแ်แိုแ်แော့แာแါ။ แီးแွါးแแ်แိုแာ
แိုးแแြာแဲ့แောแါแแ ်แု แြแ ်แြီး แกแြောแေးแွေ၊ แ ားแေးแွေแေး။ แแိုแกแ်แဲ
แိုแ်แွဲแွေးแာแျိုးแွေ แုแ်แแ်แါแแ်။
แแ်แျားแာ แกแกေးแိแုแ်แွေး แျားแာแို แแာแแ်แွားแြแိแแ် แแ်แျားแို
แแိแီแแေးแွေ แေးแါแိแ့်แแ်။แแแ်แော့แီแေးแွေแာ แแိုแกแ်แဲ့แกแြแ်
แိုးแျိုးแွေแါแแแ်แါแแ်။
แแแ်แို့ แแ်แျားแแေးแာ แแာแแ်แွေ แแိแ်းแိုแ်แกောแ် แแ်แြွแေแแ်
แแာแแ်แ แแေးแြိแ်แกောแ် แေးแွေแေးแာแ แေးแ ွဲแဲ့แกแြแ ်แောแ်แိုแ်แါแแ်။
แแ်แျားแแေးแแုံแှแ်แို့แแ ို့แို့ แแေးแေါแ်แျိแ်แ แแားแกแိုแ်းแแိုးแဲ့แแ်
แแာแแ်แแိแแ်แို့แြแ်แိုแ်းแြီး แกแ္แแာแ်แြီးแားแဲ့ แို့แှုแ့်แွေแို แုံးแ ွဲแို့แွှแ်းแါแိแ့်
แแ်။
แแ်แျားแာ แှแ ်แ แ်แေးแ แ ်แဲ့แိแ ္แ แို แိုแ်แဲแ ွာ แိုแ်แာแိုแ်แแ်း แေးแแ်း
แ ောแ့်แဲ့ แာแေแြောแေ แแ်แံแှု၊ แกแြားแူแာแွေแဲ့ แေးแိแ်แီးแိုး၊แแာแแ်แဲ့
แ แ်းแแ်แှုแြောแ့် แွေးแိုးแိုแ်แါแแ်။ แီแော့แกแြแ်แแီးแှာ แွေးแျแေးแွေแိုแ်แြီး
แြแ်แแှာแါ။ แီแေးแွေแြောแ့် แแ်းแေ แแ်းแှိုးแောแါ แြแ ်แာแိုแ်แါแแ်။
แแ်แျားแာแေแါแီးแဲแဲแှာ แေးแုံ แแ ်แแှာแေแဲ့แแ် แေးแုံแกแူးแแ်းแှာ
แ แ်แแ ္แ แ်းแိแိแာแกแ ုံแกแแ် แြုแ ုแို့ แူแာแြုแွေแဲ့ แแ်แျားแို แกแျแ်းแျแားแါ
แိแ့်แแ်။ แแ်แျားแိแားแ ုแွေแဲ့ แွေ့แုံแ แားแြောแို့ แแ်แဲแါแိแ့်แแ်။ แแ်แျား
แီแ แြားแแဲ့แกแံแ แกแแ်แှူแ แ်แ แြแ်แေแံแဲ แြแ ်แါแแ်။แแ်แျား
แိแားแ ူแกแေแဲ့แแော့ แေးแုแแ ားแိแ်แို แှแ်းแို့แဲ แုံးแแ ိုแ်แแှာแါ။
แแေးแွေแ แแာแแ်แွေแိုแြောแ်แြแာ แกแแ်းแแြแ်แိแ ္แ
แแုแ်แါแူး။ แแแ့် แေးแกแ္แแာแ်แွေแာ แှေแ်แွဲแို့แแแူးแိုแာ แူแို့แဲ့
แแแိแ ိแ်แ แိแေแြแါแแ်။ แြောแ်แ ိแ်แာ แกแျားแกားแြแ့် แွှแ်းแိုးแေ
แแ်แြแါแแ်။ แူแြီးแွေแแ်းแြောแ်แแ်แြแါแแ်။ แါแေแဲ့ แแ်แိုแ့်
แို့แိုแြီး แแြောแ်แျแ်แแ် แောแ်แြแါแแ်။ แြောแ်แแ်แို့แแ်แแံแျแ်แြแူး
แီแော့แแ ်แုแုแိုแြောแ်แြီแိုแแ် แာแွေแြแ ်แแ်แါแแဲ။ แแแ်แော့
แแာแแ်แိုแแြောแ်แါแူး။ แแာแแ်แီแောแ်แกောแ် แောแ်แြแ်แာแဲ့
แီแแ္แာแိုแ်แြီးแဲ့ แกแြแ ်แแแ ်แိုแဲแြแ ်แါแแ်။
แแ်แျားแာแแ ်แ ုံแแ ်แုแိုแြောแ်แြီแိုแแ် แแ်แแိုแ်แျแ်แါแူး။ แီแိแ ္แ แို
แျှแ ်แျူแှု့แြီး แျောแိုแ်းแားแျแ်แာแါ။ แီแိแ ္แ แာแกแှแ်แแแ်แแှိแါแူးแို့
แแ်แောแ်แแ်แါแแ်။ แီแกแါแှာ แแ်แျားแာ แိုแ်แ ားแူแေးแဲ့แူแိုแှာแါแแ်။
แိုแ်แ ားแှแ်แแော့ แแာแแ်แါแဲ။ แါแြောแ့်แแာแแ်แกแေါ် แုံแျแိုแ်แါแแ်။
แဲ แျွแ်แော့แောแါแဲ့ แျွแ်แော့ แแ္แာแိုแ်แို แแာ့แแ်แแွแ်แกแ်แါแแ်။
แแာ့แแေါแျแ ီแံแောแ်แွแ်แါแော့แแ်။
แီแှာแဲ แแာแแ်แွေแ แแ်แแ်แောแ်แွแ်แါแော့แแ်။
แแာแแ်แွေแာ แူแာแွေแို แေးแွှแ်းแြီးแแ် แေးแွေแဲ့แေးแွแ်แိုး
แျိုးแွေแို แှแ်းแแြแာแဲ့แါแ်แแ်แို့ แแ်แြေแေးแြแာแ၊ แกဲ့แแို
แှแ်းแြแိုแ်แแ် แူแာแဲ့ แแာแแ်แြားแแ်แံแေး แိแိုแ်แိုแ်แแ်แို့
แြောแြแါแแ်။ แိုแိုแာแ แแုแုแแိုแกแြေแแံแဲ แုံแြแ်แိုးแ ားแှုแို
แกแေးแားแဲ့แแောแါแဲ။
แျွแ်แော်แို့ แแာแแ်แိုแောแ်းแแ် แိုแာแแ် แူแိုแုံแြแ်แแ်
แกားแိုးแแ် แါแါแဲ။
แแာแแ်แွေ แီแြားแားแှုแို แแိแြแူးแို့ แแแ်แိုแ်แါแဲ့ แီแกแာแို
แိုแ်แိုแ်แแ်แแ် แူแို့แ แกแုံးแျแှာแါ။ แแแ်แော့ แီแေแ်แေးแောแ
แြီး แแ แာแိုแ်แုံးแာ แกแိုแွေแါแဲ။แါแွေแ แျွแ်แော်แို့แို แแ်แို့
แแ်แแ်แါ။
แေแ်แှီแေးแောแแြီးแာ แျွแ်แော်แို့แဲ့ แုံแြแ်แျแ်แแါแแ်
แแှแ်แแ်แိုแ်แါแူး။ แေแ်แှီแေးแောแแြီးแာ แกแိแแာ(แိแ္แာ)แแ်းแแုแ်
แแ်แွေ့แိแ္แံแแ်း แแုแ်แဲ แိုးแွแ်แ แာแာแာแแ ်แแ်แိုแြแ ်แေแါแแ်။
แိုးแွแ်แ แာแာแာแိုแာ แျွแ်แော်แို့แဲ့แแ်แแ်းแျแ်แှာ แှုแ်แွေးแွေแီแဲ့
แกแြแ ်แแแ ်แွေแို แ แแ ်แแျ แိုแ်แွแ်แြေแှแ်းแို့ แြိုးแแ်းแျแ်แို့
แกแိแ္แါแ် แွแ့်แိုแ်แါแแ်။ แါแြောแ့်แေးแแာ แုแားแှိแိုးแျောแ်းแြီးแแแ်း
แกแွแ်แှုแ်แွေးแှแဲ့ แွေးแွါးแြแ်း แေแုံးแြแ်းแဲ့ แျွแ်แော်แို့ แแ္แာแိုแ်แဲ့
แแ့်แှแ်းแแแိုแ်แါแဲ့ แြแ ်แျแ်แှု แောแါแแแွေ แแ်แ แ်แေแါแแ်။
แแแ်แို့ แူแားแွေแာ แိแိแို့แแ แြแ့်แားแောแ်းแ ားแေးแกแွแ်
แေါ်แာแီแီแံแျားแ ွာแို แေးแแာแုแား แှိแိုးแျောแ်းแြီးแกแွแ်
แกแုံးแแျแူးแိုแแ် แာแกแွแ်แกแုံးแြုแြแှာแแ်း။
แာแာแกားแုံးแဲ့ แူแီแဲ့ แံแူแျแ်แกแ แกแှแ်แแားแာ
แြแိแာ၊แြားแာ၊แွေ့แိแာ၊ แกแแာแံแ ားแာ၊ แกแံ့แံแ ားแာแောแ်แဲ့
แုံแောแ်แှုแแှိแါแူး။ แแ်แျားแกแေแဲ့ แแာแแ်แို แေแ်แแ ်แေးแောแ
แกแြောแ်းแို แกแျိแ်แူแြီး แာแြောแ့်แိုแဲ့ แေးแွแ်းแွေ แုแ်แို့แိုแါแแ်။
แာแို့แီแိုแေးแွေแေးแแာแแ်း။ แီแွဲแ ိแ်แှုแแျွแ်แော့แို แแ်แို
แောแ်းแျိုးแြုแှာแแ်း။ แာแြောแ့်แျွแ်แော် แုแ်แแ့်แာแแ်း။
แာแြောแ့် แแ်แျားแ แျွแ်แော့แို แီแိုแုแ်แแ့်แာแแ်း။
แာแြောแ့် แာแြောแ့်แိုแဲ့ แေးแွแ်းแွေแိုแေးแါ။ แกแှေးแဲ့แกแြแ်
แแ်แျားแกแေแဲ့ แုံแြแ်แှုแွာแแျแ် แกแြေแกแေแိုแแှိแါ့แแ်။แแာแแ်
แกแแ်းแแ်แောแ်แွแ့်แြီး แျွแ်แော့แိုแုံแေးแါแို့ แုแ့်แြแ်แိแ့်แแ်။
แแ်แျားแกแေแဲ့ แေးแแာแဲ့ แါแ်แแ်แဲ့ แแแแုံးแော်แှแ်แေးแို
แแါแแ်။ แောแ်แုแိแแกแျแ်แกแေแဲ့ แแာแแ်แ แแ်แျားแြောแ်แแ့်แေแဲ့
แိแ ္แ แแ ်แแ်แို แုแ်แိုแဲ့แော် แာแြောแ့်แုแ်แျแ်แแာแแ်းแိုแဲ့แေးแွแ်း
แုแ်แိုแ်แါ แောแ်แုံးแူแ แျွแ်แော့แို แုံแေးแါแို့ แြောแာแါแိแ့်แแ်။
แกแြေแกแေแေးแဲ့แော်แกแျိแ်แွဲแြီး แားแိုแ်แါแแ်။
แกแျားแกားแြแ့် แူแแ်းแ ုแแာแုแိုแုแ်แောแ်แိုแ်แာแါ။ แกแျားแ ုแแแ်แံแြแါแแ်။ แီแော့แแာแแ်แဲ့ แုแ်แောแ်แျแ်แกောแ်แှာ
แိုแ့်แြแ္แာแို แแ်แိုแိုแဲ့แ ောแ့်แြแแါแแ်။
แါแေแဲ့แแ်แျားแกแေแဲ့ แแာแแ်แ ိแ်แြိုแ်แုแိแို့ แွแ့်แแြုแแ့်แါแူး။
แแ်แျားแာแေแ်แแ ်แေးแแာ แ แ်แွแ်းแแွแ်แกောแ် แกားแုแ်แแ့်แါแแ်။
แါแแแ်းแแ်แျားแျแ္แာแေးแို แိแိုแ်แกောแ်แုแ်แแแ်แို့ แแိုแိုแါแူး
แแแ်แော့แแ်း แုแို แြိုแแ်แြแ်แแ်แှုแာ แแာแแ်แแ ်แောแ်แဲ့
แေးแแ်း။แေးแုံแဲแို แာแှแြแ်แแ်แှုแแုแ်แဲ แแ်แွားแာแဲ့แ ာแแ်
แแ်แျားแျแ္แာแေးแို แိแိုแ်แแ ်แာแ แာ แแှိแါแူး။
แီแေแာแှာ แြแ်แแ်แှုแိုแာแกแแ်แกာแแံ แုံแ ံ แြแ့်แွားแာแိုแแိုแိုแါแူး။
แြီးแြောแ်แกောแ်แြแ်แ ွာแกแแ်แှแ်แျှแ် แေးแုံ၊แေးแแ်းแ แြแ်แแ်แွแ်แာแိုแ်แာแိုแြောแျแ်แာแါ။
แီแိแ ္แ แกแွแ် แแ်แျားแိုแกแ်แာแွေแ แแ့်แော်แြแ်းแแ်แแ်
แိแ္แာแါးแแ်แြแ်း แแိแာแ်แွေแါแဲ။
แแแแုံးแแ်แแ်แ แแ်แူแဲ့แแုแုแแါ။ แแ်แျားแกแေแဲ့แေแ်แแ ်แေးแောแแို แိုးแွแ်แဲ့แာแာแแ ်แแ်แို့ แားแแ်แားแแ် แိแ္แာแแာแိแ္แံแแာแွေแแ် แွแ်แူแ ွာ แိုแ်แိုแ်แိုแ်แြီး
แိုแ့်แိုแ်แိုแ် แာแွแ်แိုแ်แ ွแ်းแှိแါแแ်။
แแแ်แေ့ แေးแแာ แုแားแျောแ်းแို
แုแားแျောแ်းแို့แแေါ်แြแါแူး။
แေးแแာ แกแောแ်แกแกုံแာ แာแာแေးแိုแ်แာแေแာแแုแ်
แါแူး။ แေးแแာแိแ္แာแဲ့ แေးแแာแိแ္แံแာแแာแြแ ်แါแแ်။
แေแ်แแ ်แေးแแာแာ แုံแြแ်แှုแกแေါ်แှာ แกားแားแแာแါ။
แกားแုံးแော แာแာแေးแွေแแ်း แိုแแ်းแแ်းแောแ်းแါแဲ။
แေแ်แแ ်แေးแแာ แုแားแျောแ်းแแแ်းแဲ
แူแွေแဲ့ แုံแြแ်แျแ်
แกแေါ်แှာ แှแ်แแ်แแါแแ်။
แူแိုแ်แแာ แแ ်แေ့แာแောแ် แုံแြแ်แှု
แแေးแဲ့แแแ် แกแဲแဲแกแြိုแြို แြแ ်แွားแှာแါ။
แแြားแောแူแှုแေးแกแွဲ့แกแ แ်းแျားแိုแဲ แေแ်แแ ်แေးแောแแှာแแ်း
แံแแ แแ ်ိုးแแ ိแှ แแแ်แกောแ် แိแ်းแားแါแแ်။ แแแ်แို့แာ แုံแြแ်แှု
แแှိแဲ့แแ် แိုแ့်แို แแိแေ့แกောแ်แုแ်แြီး แแ္แာแိုแ် แกแ ိแ်แกแိုแ်းแွေแို
แြแ်แောแ်แာ แံแါ့แแား။
แုံแြแ်แှုแာแแှိแแ် แแ်းแေါแ်းแျားแ ွာแော
แแ်แိုแါแုแแ ္แ แ်းแွေ แါแှแ်းแแိแဲ့ แေးแွေแို แါးแျိုแြแါ့แแားแိုแာ
แ แ်းแ ားแ แာแါ။
แแแ်แို့ แေแ်แှီ แေးแောแแกแေแဲ့ แกแှိแိုแกแှိแกแိုแ်แกแောแ်แกแားแြแဲ့แแ် แီแ ာแกုแ်แိုแေးแ แာ แกแြောแ်း
แแှိแါแူး။
แါแြောแ့် แျွแ်แော့แกแေแဲ့ แေแ်แှီแေးแแာแာ
แုံแြแ်แกားแိုးแแဲ့ แုแားแျောแ်းแแုแ်แါแူးแို့
แီးแောแ်းแိုးแြแိုแ်แါแแ်။
แแျို့แแာแแ်แွေแ แူแို့แူแာแွေแို
แြောแ်แแ့့်แกောแ်แแုแ်แျแ်แါแူး။
แแ်แျားแာ แီแ ာแกုแ်แို แแ်แေแြီแိုแော့ แแแ်းแกားแြแ့် แျွแ်แော့
แူแာแဲแေါ့။
แျွแ်แော်แแ်แါแแ်။ แแ်แျားแာแြောแ်แแ့်แါแแ်แို့။
แแ်แျားแဲ့แျแ္แာแေးแဲ့ แွแ်แแ်แေးแို แြိแ်းแြောแ်แံแแို့ แแ်แျားแกแေแဲ့แြောแ်แแ့်แါแแ်။ แုแဲแแ်แျားแာ แกแြိแ်းแြောแ်แံแေแแါแြီ။
แแ်แျားแဲ့แแာแแ်แာ แြောแ်แ แာแกแြေแกแေแို
แိแားแါแแ်แแဲ့แแ်แျားแိုแแြောแဲ แိแ်แျแ်แားแแ်แိုแแ် ။
แแ်แျား แแာแแ်แာ แกแ္แแာแ်แြုแဲံ့့ แူแိုแာแိแျแ်แแ်။
แแာแแ်แဲ့แ แ်แွแ်းแแแ်แိုแှောแ်แแဲแိုแာ
แေ့แာแျแ်แแ် แှေ့แแ်แာแแ်แေแော့ แာแို့แဲแိုแော့ แီแ ာแกုแ်แာ
แกဲ့แီแกแြောแ်းแွေแို แွแ်แွแ်แွแ်းแွแ်း แေးแားแို့แါแဲ။ แဲ့
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แဲ แแ်แှแ်แှိแ แါแกแွှแ်းแိแါแ်းแဲแှိแေးแแ်แော။
แกแ်္แแိแ်แာแာแြแ့် แแ်แိုแ်
แူแျားแกแွแ် แူแแ်းแ ာแกုแ်แုံแါแแ်แေးแိုแ်แါแแ်။
แြแ်แာแိုแ်แံ แြောแ်းแဲแာแွแ် แာแှแာแแ်แူแှု แာแแ်แံแှုแแှိแဲ့ แေးแောแแိုแแ်း แြောแ်းแေးแြแါแို့ แိုแ်แွแ်းแါแแ်။
แျွแ်แော့ แกแြแ်แော့แေ ။
แแ်แှိแกแ ိုးแแ แေးแောแแို แแြောแ်းแေးแိုแ်แแ်แောแ်
แေးแแ ္แ แ်း၊ แ แ်แแိแာแกแแ ်แွေแဲ့ แြေแျแ်แျแ်แှာ แေးแုံแြီးแแ ်แုံแောแ်แြီး แိုးแแားแแေးแုံแဲ့แျိแ်၊
แိုแแแာแแ်၊ แူแာแြုแွေแဲ့แဲ
แိုแแ แแ ် แกแိုแ်းแုแဲ့ แေးแုံแแ ်แုံแောแ် แြแ်แာ แกแ ိုးแแဲ့ แွဲแြီး แแ်แုแ်แှာ แแုแ်แေးแိုแ်แူးแားแို့แဲ
แျแ္แာแေး แแ်แြီးแို แေးแျแ်แေแိแါแแ်แျာ။
Khin Maung Aye