By Lewis Krauskopf
(Reuters) - With interest rate cuts virtually locked in, investors are ramping up their focus on economic data over the next few months as they game out whether the “soft landing” narrative that has helped drive U.S. stocks in 2024 can continue.
Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell on Friday said the “time has come” to begin lowering interest rates - a more dovish message than many investors had believed they would hear at the central bank’s annual conference in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. That process will likely begin next month, with a 25 basis-point cut at the Fed’s monetary policy meeting on Sept. 17-18.
The comments are far from an all-clear signal. With the S&P 500 up 18% on the year and equities richly valued, market participants will need to see continued evidence that the economy is gliding to a soft landing, where growth remains resilient while inflation cools.
"What the market wanted was to hear that the rate-cutting cycle is starting," said Alessio de Longis, senior portfolio manager and head of investments at Invesco Solutions.
However, “is the Fed telling us that they're actually worried about the economy now? And if that is the case, maybe the excitement about the cutting cycle should take a different perspective."
History shows that stocks tend to perform far better when rate cuts come against a background of resilient growth instead of during a sharp economic slowdown. Since 1970, the S&P 500 has climbed an average of 18% one year after the first rate cut in non-recessionary periods, according to Evercore ISI strategists. In recession periods, the index climbed an average of just 2% a year following the first cut.
In his speech, Powell said the Fed “did not seek or welcome” any further cooling in the labor market and wanted to prevent further erosion. Jobs will be in the spotlight when the U.S. publishes a closely watched employment report on Sept. 6, after weaker-than-expected labor market data at the beginning of August.
Other important upcoming data includes two monthly inflation reports: the personal consumption expenditures price index on Aug. 30 and the consumer price index on Sept. 11.
More signs of economic weakness could once again rattle stocks and shift expectations toward a 50 basis-point cut next month. Expectations for such a move were priced at around 35% on Friday afternoon, compared with about 29% before the speech, with the remaining expectations for a 25-bp cut, futures data showed.
“The Fed is easing with the economy not particularly weak (and inflation still above target), and it has the potential to ease substantially in response to any acute weakness,” wrote Rick Rieder, BlackRock’s chief investment officer of global fixed income, in a note on Friday.
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